{"id":30375,"date":"2026-07-23T13:19:52","date_gmt":"2026-07-23T05:19:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/?p=30375"},"modified":"2026-07-28T14:54:07","modified_gmt":"2026-07-28T06:54:07","slug":"spark-gap-spd-vs-mov-spd-type-1-type-12-and-n-pe-selection-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/de\/spark-gap-spd-vs-mov-spd\/","title":{"rendered":"Funkenstrecke SPD vs MOV SPD: Auswahlleitfaden Typ 1, Typ 1+2 und N-PE"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"30375\" class=\"elementor elementor-30375\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61653df e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"61653df\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-422bd82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"422bd82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!--\r\nPAGE METADATA\r\nH1 (set in WordPress page title, not inside this Custom HTML): Spark Gap SPD vs MOV SPD: Type 1, Type 1+2 and N-PE Selection Guide\r\nSEO TITLE: Spark Gap SPD vs MOV SPD | Type 1 & N-PE Guide\r\nMETA DESCRIPTION: Compare spark gap and MOV Type 1 SPDs by Iimp, Up, follow current, N-PE 3+1 design, certification and OEM selection requirements.\r\nRECOMMENDED URL: https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/spark-gap-spd-vs-mov-spd\/\r\nREVISION: Article-first layout with in-column tables and compact article CTA updated July 23, 2026.\r\n-->\r\n<article class=\"lysg-page\" id=\"lysg-page\">\r\n<style>\r\n#lysg-page {\r\n  --lysg-blue: #004898;\r\n  --lysg-blue-dark: #00366f;\r\n  --lysg-blue-soft: #f1f6fc;\r\n  --lysg-text: #27384b;\r\n  --lysg-heading: #142b43;\r\n  --lysg-muted: #647488;\r\n  --lysg-line: #dce5ee;\r\n  --lysg-soft: #f7f9fc;\r\n  --lysg-warning: #fff7ed;\r\n  --lysg-success: #eff9f4;\r\n  --lysg-white: #ffffff;\r\n  --lysg-content: 900px;\r\n  color: var(--lysg-text);\r\n  background: var(--lysg-white);\r\n  font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\r\n  font-size: 16px;\r\n  line-height: 1.72;\r\n  overflow-wrap: anywhere;\r\n}\r\n#lysg-page, #lysg-page * { box-sizing: border-box; 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border-radius: 9px; background: #fff; overflow: hidden; }\r\n  #lysg-page .lysg-table td { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(112px, 36%) minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 12px; padding: 11px 13px; border: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e7edf3; background: #fff !important; }\r\n  #lysg-page .lysg-table td:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }\r\n  #lysg-page .lysg-table td::before { content: attr(data-label); color: var(--lysg-muted); font-size: 12px; font-weight: 750; line-height: 1.45; }\r\n  #lysg-page .lysg-table td:first-child { padding-top: 13px; color: var(--lysg-heading); background: var(--lysg-blue-soft) !important; }\r\n  #lysg-page .lysg-figure { margin-top: 24px; padding: 7px; }\r\n  #lysg-page .lysg-cta { padding: 19px; }\r\n  #lysg-page .lysg-cta-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 16px; }\r\n  #lysg-page .lysg-cta-action { text-align: left; }\r\n}\r\n@media (max-width: 600px) {\r\n  #lysg-page .lysg-container, #lysg-page .lysg-footer-mark { width: calc(100% - 28px); }\r\n  #lysg-page .lysg-article-meta { display: grid; gap: 5px; }\r\n  #lysg-page .lysg-quick-answer, #lysg-page .lysg-toc { padding: 18px; }\r\n  #lysg-page .lysg-three-col { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }\r\n  #lysg-page .lysg-evidence-panel, #lysg-page .lysg-product-proof { padding-left: 16px; }\r\n}\r\n@media (max-width: 540px) {\r\n  #lysg-page .lysg-section { padding: 34px 0; }\r\n  #lysg-page h2 { font-size: 24px; }\r\n  #lysg-page .lysg-card, #lysg-page .lysg-definition, #lysg-page .lysg-doc-card, #lysg-page .lysg-flow-step, #lysg-page .lysg-test-item, #lysg-page .lysg-mistake, #lysg-page .lysg-related-card, #lysg-page .lysg-decision-card { padding: 16px; }\r\n}\r\n@media (max-width: 480px) {\r\n  #lysg-page .lysg-intro-copy { font-size: 16px; }\r\n  #lysg-page .lysg-quick-answer h2, #lysg-page .lysg-toc h2 { font-size: 21px; }\r\n  #lysg-page .lysg-table td { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 4px; }\r\n  #lysg-page .lysg-btn { width: 100%; }\r\n}\r\n@media (max-width: 430px) {\r\n  #lysg-page .lysg-container, #lysg-page .lysg-footer-mark { width: calc(100% - 24px); }\r\n  #lysg-page .lysg-quick-answer, #lysg-page .lysg-toc, #lysg-page .lysg-cta { padding: 16px; }\r\n}\r\n@media (max-width: 414px) { #lysg-page h2 { font-size: 23px; } }\r\n@media (max-width: 390px) { #lysg-page { font-size: 15px; } }\r\n@media (max-width: 375px) { #lysg-page .lysg-section { padding: 31px 0; } }\r\n@media (max-width: 360px) { #lysg-page .lysg-quick-answer, #lysg-page .lysg-toc, #lysg-page .lysg-cta { padding: 15px; } }\r\n@media (max-width: 320px) {\r\n  #lysg-page .lysg-container, #lysg-page .lysg-footer-mark { width: calc(100% - 20px); }\r\n  #lysg-page h2 { font-size: 22px; }\r\n  #lysg-page .lysg-mistake { padding-left: 44px; }\r\n}\r\n@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {\r\n  #lysg-page *, #lysg-page *::before, #lysg-page *::after { scroll-behavior: auto !important; transition: none !important; }\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<header class=\"lysg-article-intro\" id=\"top\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-container\">\r\n<p class=\"lysg-intro-copy\"><strong>Spark gap SPD vs MOV SPD<\/strong> is not a simple \u201cbetter or worse\u201d comparison. A spark gap uses voltage-switching behaviour. An MOV uses voltage-limiting behaviour. This guide explains how those structures affect Type 1, Type 1+2, N-PE and 3+1 selection for engineering procurement and OEM approval.<\/p>\r\n<div aria-label=\"Article update information\" class=\"lysg-article-meta\">\r\n<span><strong>Last updated:<\/strong> July 23, 2026<\/span>\r\n<span><strong>Technical review:<\/strong> LEEYEE Technical Team<\/span>\r\n<span><strong>Scope:<\/strong> AC low-voltage Type 1, Type 1+2 and N-PE protection<\/span>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<section aria-labelledby=\"lysg-quick-title\" class=\"lysg-quick-answer\">\r\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_87 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/de\/spark-gap-spd-vs-mov-spd\/#quick-answer\" >Quick Answer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/de\/spark-gap-spd-vs-mov-spd\/#contents\" >Contents<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/de\/spark-gap-spd-vs-mov-spd\/#spark-gap-spd-vs-mov-spd\" >Spark Gap SPD vs MOV SPD<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/de\/spark-gap-spd-vs-mov-spd\/#what-is-a-spark-gap-based-spd\" >What is a spark-gap-based SPD?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/de\/spark-gap-spd-vs-mov-spd\/#what-is-an-mov-based-spd\" >What is an MOV-based SPD?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/de\/spark-gap-spd-vs-mov-spd\/#does-a-type-1-spd-have-to-use-a-spark-gap\" >Does a Type 1 SPD have to use a spark gap?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/de\/spark-gap-spd-vs-mov-spd\/#why-spark-gaps-are-frequently-selected-for-type-1-duty\" >Why spark gaps are frequently selected for Type 1 duty<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/de\/spark-gap-spd-vs-mov-spd\/#why-spark-gaps-are-widely-used-for-n-pe-protection-in-31-systems\" >Why spark gaps are widely used for N-PE protection in 3+1 systems<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/de\/spark-gap-spd-vs-mov-spd\/#follow-current-is-one-of-the-most-important-spark-gap-procurement-checks\" >Follow current is one of the most important spark-gap procurement checks<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/de\/spark-gap-spd-vs-mov-spd\/#why-%e2%80%9cresponse-time%e2%80%9d-alone-cannot-select-a-type-1-spd\" >Why \u201cresponse time\u201d alone cannot select a Type 1 SPD<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/de\/spark-gap-spd-vs-mov-spd\/#leakage-current-tov-and-ageing-require-different-checks\" >Leakage current, TOV and ageing require different checks<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/de\/spark-gap-spd-vs-mov-spd\/#which-structure-should-a-b2b-buyer-evaluate\" >Which structure should a B2B buyer evaluate?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/de\/spark-gap-spd-vs-mov-spd\/#type-1-spd-verification-workflow\" >Type 1 SPD verification workflow<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/de\/spark-gap-spd-vs-mov-spd\/#how-leeyee-turns-this-guide-into-a-verifiable-b2b-decision\" >How LEEYEE turns this guide into a verifiable B2B decision<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/de\/spark-gap-spd-vs-mov-spd\/#common-buying-mistakes\" >Common buying mistakes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/de\/spark-gap-spd-vs-mov-spd\/#need-help-confirming-a-type-1-spd-specification\" >Need help confirming a Type 1 SPD specification?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/de\/spark-gap-spd-vs-mov-spd\/#continue-the-type-1-and-spd-selection-process\" >Continue the Type 1 and SPD selection process<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/de\/spark-gap-spd-vs-mov-spd\/#spark-gap-spd-vs-mov-spd-faq\" >Spark gap SPD vs MOV SPD FAQ<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/de\/spark-gap-spd-vs-mov-spd\/#references\" >References<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"lysg-quick-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"quick-answer\"><\/span>Quick Answer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p>A <strong>spark-gap-based SPD<\/strong> remains electrically isolated during normal operation and switches into a low-impedance discharge path when its sparkover condition is reached.<\/p>\r\n<p>An <strong>MOV-based SPD<\/strong> progressively lowers its resistance as voltage rises, diverting surge current while limiting the voltage across the protected circuit.<\/p>\r\n<p>Spark gaps are widely used for Type 1 lightning-current and N-PE duties. MOVs dominate Type 2 protection and are also used in tested Type 1+2 designs. <strong>Type 1 is a complete-device test classification, not a component name.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"lysg-quick-rule\"><strong>Procurement rule:<\/strong> compare Iimp, Uc, Up, protection modes, follow-current behaviour, Isccr, backup protection and the exact certified model.<\/p>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<nav aria-labelledby=\"lysg-toc-title\" class=\"lysg-toc\">\r\n<h2 id=\"lysg-toc-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"contents\"><\/span>Contents<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-toc-grid\">\r\n<a href=\"#comparison\">1. Spark gap vs MOV comparison<\/a>\r\n<a href=\"#working-principles\">2. How both structures work<\/a>\r\n<a href=\"#type-1\">3. Type 1 selection<\/a>\r\n<a href=\"#n-pe\">4. N-PE and 3+1 protection<\/a>\r\n<a href=\"#follow-current\">5. Follow current<\/a>\r\n<a href=\"#response-time\">6. Response time, leakage and ageing<\/a>\r\n<a href=\"#structure-selection\">7. Which structure to evaluate<\/a>\r\n<a href=\"#procurement\">8. Procurement verification<\/a>\r\n<a href=\"#leeyee-verification\">9. LEEYEE verification evidence<\/a>\r\n<a href=\"#faq\">10. FAQ and references<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/nav>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-standards-note\">\r\n<b>Current IEC framework<\/b>\r\n<p>IEC 61643-11:2025 covers SPDs connected to AC low-voltage power systems and is used with IEC 61643-01:2024. Existing certificates may still reference the 2011 edition, so buyers should confirm the applicable edition, national adoption and exact certificate scope.<sup><a href=\"#ref-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#ref-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/header><main>\r\n\r\n<section class=\"lysg-section lysg-section--soft\" id=\"comparison\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-container\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-section-head\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-eyebrow\">At-a-glance comparison<\/div>\r\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"spark-gap-spd-vs-mov-spd\"><\/span>Spark Gap SPD vs MOV SPD<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p>The table describes common engineering behaviour. Actual performance depends on the complete SPD construction, ratings and test results.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div aria-label=\"Spark gap and MOV SPD comparison\" class=\"lysg-table-shell\" role=\"region\" tabindex=\"0\">\r\n<table class=\"lysg-table\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Comparison point<\/th>\r\n<th>Spark-gap-based SPD<\/th>\r\n<th>MOV-based SPD<\/th>\r\n<th>Procurement implication<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td data-label=\"Comparison point\">Basic behaviour<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Spark gap\">Voltage switching<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"MOV\">Voltage limiting<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Buyer check\">Review the complete voltage-time behaviour and declared Up.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td data-label=\"Comparison point\">Normal state<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Spark gap\">Very high impedance with an open gap<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"MOV\">High impedance; leakage depends on the design and operating voltage<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Buyer check\">Check leakage-current and insulation requirements where they matter.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td data-label=\"Comparison point\">Typical use<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Spark gap\">Type 1, high lightning-current duty, N-PE modules<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"MOV\">Type 2 and many compact Type 1+2 designs<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Buyer check\">Do not infer the test class from the component alone.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td data-label=\"Comparison point\">Key Type 1 rating<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Spark gap\">Iimp, Up, sparkover behaviour and follow-current performance<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"MOV\">Iimp, Uc, Up, TOV and thermal-disconnection performance<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Buyer check\">Match ratings to the installation and certificate.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td data-label=\"Comparison point\">Follow current<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Spark gap\">May occur in some designs; modern products may limit, extinguish or avoid it<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"MOV\">No arc-based line follow current<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Buyer check\">For spark gaps, verify Ifi or the manufacturer\u2019s no-follow-current claim.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td data-label=\"Comparison point\">Thermal concern<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Spark gap\">Arc chamber, electrode condition and interruption behaviour<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"MOV\">TOV, cumulative stress, overheating and disconnection<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Buyer check\">Review safety tests and internal disconnector design.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td data-label=\"Comparison point\">Maintenance format<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Spark gap\">Available as fixed or pluggable construction<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"MOV\">Commonly pluggable with visual and remote status options<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Buyer check\">Confirm replacement-module compatibility and indication.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td data-label=\"Comparison point\">N-PE application<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Spark gap\">Widely used for N-PE total-current paths in 1+1 and 3+1 systems<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"MOV\">May be used in other certified architectures<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Buyer check\">Verify the actual N-PE technology and Iimp\/Itotal.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td data-label=\"Comparison point\">Approval rule<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Spark gap\">Do not approve merely because it is a spark gap<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"MOV\">Do not reject merely because it is MOV-based<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Buyer check\">Approve the complete SPD model and documented system fit.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<figure class=\"lysg-figure\">\r\n<img fetchpriority=\"high\" alt=\"Spark gap SPD and MOV SPD structure comparison for Type 1 surge protection\" decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" height=\"1086\" loading=\"eager\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/spark-gap-vs-mov-type-1-spd-structure-comparison.webp\" width=\"1448\"\/>\r\n<figcaption>Conceptual comparison of voltage-switching spark-gap operation, voltage-limiting MOV operation and hybrid Type 1+2 architecture. Final performance must be verified on the complete SPD.<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<section class=\"lysg-section\" id=\"working-principles\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-container\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-tech-grid\">\r\n<article class=\"lysg-card lysg-card--spark\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-card-kicker\">Voltage switching<\/div>\r\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"what-is-a-spark-gap-based-spd\"><\/span>What is a spark-gap-based SPD?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p>A spark gap uses electrodes separated by a controlled insulating space. Under normal voltage, the path remains open.<\/p>\r\n<p>When the dynamic sparkover condition is reached, the gap ionises and forms an arc path that diverts surge current. After the surge, the SPD must return to its non-conducting state.<\/p>\r\n<p>Power-frequency spark gaps may use air, gas, carbon, graphite, encapsulated, triggered or multi-gap constructions. These designs should not be treated as technically identical.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>High lightning-current capability can be achieved.<\/li>\r\n<li>Normal-operation electrical isolation is possible.<\/li>\r\n<li>Follow-current behaviour is a key system-availability issue.<\/li>\r\n<li>Dynamic sparkover and residual-voltage behaviour must be verified.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"lysg-card lysg-card--mov\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-card-kicker\">Voltage limiting<\/div>\r\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"what-is-an-mov-based-spd\"><\/span>What is an MOV-based SPD?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p>An MOV is a metal oxide varistor with a strongly nonlinear voltage-current characteristic.<\/p>\r\n<p>As voltage rises, its resistance falls. The MOV then diverts surge current and limits the voltage across the protected circuit.<\/p>\r\n<p>MOVs support compact DIN-rail products, pluggable cartridges, status indication and remote contacts. The complete SPD must still manage TOV, heat and short-circuit failure conditions.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Low voltage-limiting performance can be achieved.<\/li>\r\n<li>Compact and pluggable designs are common.<\/li>\r\n<li>Uc selection and TOV behaviour are critical.<\/li>\r\n<li>Thermal disconnection is part of the safety design.<sup><a href=\"#ref-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<section class=\"lysg-section lysg-section--soft\" id=\"type-1\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-container\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-definition\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-definition-grid\">\r\n<div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-eyebrow\">Critical classification rule<\/div>\r\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"does-a-type-1-spd-have-to-use-a-spark-gap\"><\/span>Does a Type 1 SPD have to use a spark gap?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p><strong>No.<\/strong> Spark gaps are common in Type 1 lightning-current arresters, but Type 1 is a test classification for the complete SPD or declared protection mode.<\/p>\r\n<p>A Type 1 device is associated with lightning impulse-current duty using the 10\/350 \u03bcs waveform and the declared Iimp. A spark gap does not prove Type 1 compliance by itself. A tested MOV-based device is not automatically excluded from Type 1 or Type 1+2 classification.<sup><a href=\"#ref-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#ref-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-metric-grid\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-metric\"><b>Iimp<\/b><span>Lightning impulse current used for Type 1 duty.<\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-metric\"><b>Uc<\/b><span>Maximum continuous operating voltage.<\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-metric\"><b>Up<\/b><span>Declared voltage protection level.<\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-metric\"><b>Ifi<\/b><span>Follow-current interruption capability where applicable.<\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-metric\"><b>Isccr<\/b><span>Short-circuit current rating of the SPD arrangement.<\/span><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-metric\"><b>Mode<\/b><span>L-N, L-PE, N-PE or combined protection path.<\/span><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-section-head\">\r\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"why-spark-gaps-are-frequently-selected-for-type-1-duty\"><\/span>Why spark gaps are frequently selected for Type 1 duty<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p>The benefit comes from the engineered complete product, not the word \u201cspark gap\u201d on a catalogue page.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-three-col\">\r\n<article class=\"lysg-card\">\r\n<h3>Lightning-current discharge<\/h3>\r\n<p>Type 1 SPDs may be installed where partial lightning current must be handled. Spark-gap constructions are widely engineered for this high-energy duty.<\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"lysg-card\">\r\n<h3>Electrical separation<\/h3>\r\n<p>An open gap can provide very high impedance during normal operation. This is especially relevant for certain N-PE paths and leakage-sensitive applications.<\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"lysg-card\">\r\n<h3>Wave-shaping behaviour<\/h3>\r\n<p>After ignition, a well-designed spark gap can create a low-impedance discharge path. Dynamic sparkover, arc voltage and system coordination remain important.<\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-warning\">\r\n<p><strong>Avoid a false hierarchy:<\/strong> \u201cspark gap = premium\u201d and \u201cMOV = low-end\u201d is not a valid engineering rule. Phoenix Contact publicly offers spark-gap, varistor-based and coordinated spark-gap-plus-varistor Type 1+2 structures, showing that multiple architectures can satisfy different project needs.<sup><a href=\"#ref-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<section class=\"lysg-section\" id=\"n-pe\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-container\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-section-head\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-eyebrow\">System architecture<\/div>\r\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"why-spark-gaps-are-widely-used-for-n-pe-protection-in-31-systems\"><\/span>Why spark gaps are widely used for N-PE protection in 3+1 systems<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p>For a TT 3+1 arrangement, the N-PE path is not an afterthought. It can carry the combined discharge current from the phase-to-neutral protection paths.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-two-col\">\r\n<div>\r\n<p>In a typical three-phase 3+1 arrangement, three protection paths operate between L1-N, L2-N and L3-N. A separate protection path operates between N and PE.<\/p>\r\n<p>Spark-gap-based N-PE modules are widely used because they remain electrically separated during normal operation and provide a defined high-current discharge path during a surge.<\/p>\r\n<p>DEHN specifies spark-gap-based Type 1 N-PE arresters for 3+1 and 1+1 circuits between neutral and protective earth, including products intended for TT systems.<sup><a href=\"#ref-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#ref-6\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-note\">\r\n<p><strong>Important:<\/strong> \u201c3+1\u201d describes a circuit arrangement. It does not guarantee that every supplier uses the same internal component technology, Iimp distribution or certificate wiring diagram.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-card\">\r\n<h3>Verify the N-PE path separately<\/h3>\r\n<ul class=\"lysg-spec-list\">\r\n<li>System earthing arrangement<\/li>\r\n<li>N-PE Uc<\/li>\r\n<li>N-PE Up<\/li>\r\n<li>N-PE Iimp or Itotal<\/li>\r\n<li>1+1 or 3+1 circuit diagram<\/li>\r\n<li>Protection-mode marking<\/li>\r\n<li>Backup protection<\/li>\r\n<li>Exact certificate model<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<figure class=\"lysg-figure\">\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"TT system 3 plus 1 SPD architecture with MOV phase paths and N-PE spark gap\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"1086\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/tt-3-plus-1-n-pe-spark-gap-protection-architecture.webp\" width=\"1448\"\/>\r\n<figcaption>Conceptual TT 3+1 architecture: phase-to-neutral voltage-limiting paths and a separate N-PE discharge path. Use the certified manufacturer wiring diagram for final installation.<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<section class=\"lysg-section lysg-section--soft\" id=\"follow-current\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-container\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-section-head\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-eyebrow\">System availability<\/div>\r\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"follow-current-is-one-of-the-most-important-spark-gap-procurement-checks\"><\/span>Follow current is one of the most important spark-gap procurement checks<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p>It connects the SPD\u2019s internal structure to the actual short-circuit conditions and upstream protective device at the installation point.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-flow\">\r\n<article class=\"lysg-flow-step\">\r\n<h3>The gap fires<\/h3>\r\n<p>The surge raises the voltage above the dynamic sparkover level. The gap ionises and forms an arc path.<\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"lysg-flow-step\">\r\n<h3>The surge ends<\/h3>\r\n<p>The power system may continue feeding current through the low arc voltage. This is line follow current.<\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"lysg-flow-step\">\r\n<h3>The SPD must recover<\/h3>\r\n<p>The design must limit, extinguish or prevent this current without creating unacceptable upstream tripping or damage.<\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-two-col\">\r\n<article class=\"lysg-card\">\r\n<h3>What the buyer should request<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Ifi or equivalent follow-current performance data<\/li>\r\n<li>Prospective short-circuit current at the installation point<\/li>\r\n<li>Permitted upstream fuse or circuit breaker<\/li>\r\n<li>Backup-protection and selectivity requirements<\/li>\r\n<li>Short-circuit current rating of the complete SPD arrangement<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"lysg-card\">\r\n<h3>Do not generalise all spark gaps<\/h3>\r\n<p>Traditional and modern designs can behave differently. Phoenix Contact documents triggered spark-gap products designed to operate without line follow current, while the Schneider Electrical Installation Guide defines Ifi as a spark-gap-related characteristic that must be considered against the prospective short-circuit current.<sup><a href=\"#ref-3\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#ref-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<section class=\"lysg-section\" id=\"response-time\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-container\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-section-head\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-eyebrow\">Misleading shortcuts<\/div>\r\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"why-%e2%80%9cresponse-time%e2%80%9d-alone-cannot-select-a-type-1-spd\"><\/span>Why \u201cresponse time\u201d alone cannot select a Type 1 SPD<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p>A component-level nanosecond figure does not describe the installed voltage stress seen by downstream equipment.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-two-col\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-card\">\r\n<h3>Actual protective performance also depends on<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Dynamic sparkover voltage<\/li>\r\n<li>MOV voltage-current characteristic<\/li>\r\n<li>Impulse amplitude and waveform<\/li>\r\n<li>Declared and measured Up<\/li>\r\n<li>Internal and external inductance<\/li>\r\n<li>Connection conductor length<\/li>\r\n<li>Protection modes and downstream coordination<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-warning\">\r\n<p><strong>Procurement rule:<\/strong> Do not approve a Type 1 SPD because a supplier claims a faster response time. Compare the complete device\u2019s certified ratings, voltage-time behaviour, installation conditions and backup-protection requirements.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-section-head\">\r\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"leakage-current-tov-and-ageing-require-different-checks\"><\/span>Leakage current, TOV and ageing require different checks<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-three-col\">\r\n<article class=\"lysg-card\">\r\n<h3>MOV-based designs<\/h3>\r\n<p>Verify Uc margin, TOV withstand, thermal stability, leakage-current behaviour, thermal disconnection and end-of-life indication. Sustained abnormal overvoltage can overheat an MOV if the protection design is inadequate.<sup><a href=\"#ref-7\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"lysg-card\">\r\n<h3>Spark-gap designs<\/h3>\r\n<p>Verify dynamic sparkover, arc containment, follow-current performance, impulse endurance and recovery after discharge. Do not assume unlimited service life.<\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"lysg-card\">\r\n<h3>Hybrid designs<\/h3>\r\n<p>Verify that coordination is part of the tested product or manufacturer-approved system. Do not create an unverified hybrid by combining arbitrary modules.<\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<section class=\"lysg-section lysg-section--soft\" id=\"structure-selection\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-container\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-section-head\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-eyebrow\">Application matrix<\/div>\r\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"which-structure-should-a-b2b-buyer-evaluate\"><\/span>Which structure should a B2B buyer evaluate?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p>The table is a starting point for specification review, not a universal product prescription.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div aria-label=\"Structure decision guide\" class=\"lysg-decision-grid\">\r\n<article class=\"lysg-decision-card lysg-decision-card--gap\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-decision-label\">Evaluate a spark-gap design when<\/div>\r\n<h3>Lightning-current switching or N-PE isolation is central to the project<\/h3>\r\n<p>Focus on complete-device performance rather than assuming every spark gap provides the same result.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>The installation is at a Type 1 lightning-current boundary.<\/li>\r\n<li>A TT 1+1 or 3+1 N-PE discharge path must be verified.<\/li>\r\n<li>Normal-state electrical separation is important.<\/li>\r\n<li>Follow current, Ifi and upstream protection can be checked.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"lysg-decision-card\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-decision-label\">Evaluate an MOV-based design when<\/div>\r\n<h3>Compact Type 1+2 voltage limiting and pluggable maintenance are priorities<\/h3>\r\n<p>The complete model must still pass the required Type 1 and Type 2 tests.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Panel width and replaceable modules matter.<\/li>\r\n<li>Low declared Up is needed for coordinated protection.<\/li>\r\n<li>Uc, TOV and thermal-disconnection data are available.<\/li>\r\n<li>Certificate and short-circuit ratings match the project.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"lysg-decision-card lysg-decision-card--hybrid\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-decision-label\">Evaluate a coordinated hybrid when<\/div>\r\n<h3>The project needs lightning-current handling and lower residual voltage in one system<\/h3>\r\n<p>Hybrid does not mean that arbitrary modules can be assembled together.<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>The combination is tested or approved by the manufacturer.<\/li>\r\n<li>The protection modes and internal coordination are documented.<\/li>\r\n<li>N-PE technology is identified separately.<\/li>\r\n<li>Installation and backup-protection rules are clear.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div aria-label=\"SPD application selection matrix\" class=\"lysg-table-shell\" role=\"region\" tabindex=\"0\">\r\n<table class=\"lysg-table\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Application<\/th>\r\n<th>Structure to evaluate<\/th>\r\n<th>Primary engineering checks<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td data-label=\"Application\">Building with external LPS<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Structure\">Certified Type 1 or Type 1+2, spark gap, MOV or approved hybrid<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Checks\">Required Iimp, Up, LPZ position, protection modes and certificate scope<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td data-label=\"Application\">Main industrial switchboard<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Structure\">High-duty Type 1 or coordinated Type 1+2<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Checks\">Iimp, Isccr, follow current, fuse coordination and availability<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td data-label=\"Application\">TT-system main board<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Structure\">1+1 or 3+1 arrangement with verified N-PE module<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Checks\">N-PE Iimp\/Itotal, Uc, Up, system diagram and certificate<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td data-label=\"Application\">Compact OEM panel<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Structure\">Compact combined Type 1+2<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Checks\">Width, heat, terminals, replacement format and documentation<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td data-label=\"Application\">High fault-current location<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Structure\">SPD with documented short-circuit and backup-protection performance<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Checks\">Prospective fault current, Isccr, Ifi where relevant and upstream device<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td data-label=\"Application\">Sensitive downstream equipment<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Structure\">Coordinated Type 1\/Type 2 or verified combined SPD<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Checks\">Up, connection length, residual-voltage behaviour and insulation coordination<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td data-label=\"Application\">Importer or distributor stock range<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Structure\">Limited, clearly differentiated standard models<\/td>\r\n<td data-label=\"Checks\">Regional grid systems, Uc options, certificates, accessories and replacement modules<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<section class=\"lysg-section\" id=\"procurement\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-container\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-section-head\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-eyebrow\">OEM and project procurement<\/div>\r\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"type-1-spd-verification-workflow\"><\/span>Type 1 SPD verification workflow<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p>Move from system definition to document matching and sample approval. Do not begin with housing colour, logo or a headline kA number.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<figure class=\"lysg-figure\">\r\n<img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Type 1 SPD OEM procurement verification workflow for spark gap and MOV designs\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"1086\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/type-1-spd-oem-procurement-verification-workflow.webp\" width=\"1448\"\/>\r\n<figcaption>B2B workflow for confirming system duty, internal architecture, electrical compatibility, documentation and sample approval before a project or OEM order.<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-doc-grid\">\r\n<article class=\"lysg-doc-card\">\r\n<h3>1. System data<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Nominal and maximum system voltage<\/li>\r\n<li>TN-C, TN-S, TT or IT arrangement<\/li>\r\n<li>Single-phase or three-phase<\/li>\r\n<li>External LPS and installation position<\/li>\r\n<li>Prospective short-circuit current<\/li>\r\n<li>Upstream protective device<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"lysg-doc-card\">\r\n<h3>2. SPD specification<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Type 1 or Type 1+2<\/li>\r\n<li>Iimp per protection mode<\/li>\r\n<li>Uc and Up<\/li>\r\n<li>N-PE Iimp or Itotal<\/li>\r\n<li>Follow-current performance<\/li>\r\n<li>Isccr and backup protection<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"lysg-doc-card\">\r\n<h3>3. Verification documents<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Exact model number<\/li>\r\n<li>IEC or EN certificate<\/li>\r\n<li>CB report when required<\/li>\r\n<li>Datasheet and wiring diagram<\/li>\r\n<li>Product marking and label sample<\/li>\r\n<li>Sample approval record<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-success\">\r\n<p><strong>Approval gate:<\/strong> The datasheet, certificate, test report, product marking, wiring diagram and physical sample should identify the same product configuration. Any mismatch should be clarified before project approval or bulk production.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<section class=\"lysg-section lysg-section--soft\" id=\"leeyee-verification\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-container\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-section-head\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-eyebrow\">First-party verification evidence<\/div>\r\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"how-leeyee-turns-this-guide-into-a-verifiable-b2b-decision\"><\/span>How LEEYEE turns this guide into a verifiable B2B decision<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p>Technical content should connect to real product data, testing capability and certificate scope. Internal checks support engineering review, but they do not replace independent certification.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-evidence-layout\">\r\n<article class=\"lysg-evidence-panel\">\r\n<h3>Available engineering and production checks<\/h3>\r\n<p>LEEYEE publicly documents the following test and inspection capabilities for SPD development, production verification and buyer review.<sup><a href=\"#ref-9\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-test-grid\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-test-item\">\r\n<b>MOV and GDT component testing<\/b>\r\n<p>Used to review component electrical behaviour before it is accepted into the finished SPD production process.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-test-item\">\r\n<b>Lightning impulse testing<\/b>\r\n<p>Used to evaluate declared impulse-current performance under the applicable waveform and test arrangement.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-test-item\">\r\n<b>Thermal stability testing<\/b>\r\n<p>Used to observe behaviour under sustained abnormal voltage and thermal stress conditions.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-test-item\">\r\n<b>Combination-wave testing<\/b>\r\n<p>Used to review SPD response under a combined voltage and current surge test environment.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-evidence-note\">\r\n<strong>Evidence rule:<\/strong> For project approval, request the applicable test record, model marking, datasheet, wiring diagram and third-party certificate. A factory test photo alone does not prove the declared certification scope.\r\n            <\/div>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"lysg-product-proof\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-eyebrow\">Transparent product example<\/div>\r\n<h3>LEEYEE LY1-12.5\/1(S)+1 Type 1+2 SPD<\/h3>\r\n<p>This example shows why buyers must distinguish a power spark-gap structure from an MOV + GDT hybrid product.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-proof-specs\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-proof-spec\"><span>Configuration<\/span><strong>1P+N, L-N and N-PE protection modes<\/strong><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-proof-spec\"><span>Classification<\/span><strong>Class I+II \/ Type 1+2<\/strong><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-proof-spec\"><span>Declared Iimp<\/span><strong>12.5 kA L-N \/ 25 kA N-PE, 10\/350 \u03bcs<\/strong><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-proof-spec\"><span>Protection elements<\/span><strong>High-energy MOV + GDT<\/strong><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-proof-spec\"><span>Approval check<\/span><strong>Confirm Uc, Up, exact model and certificate configuration<\/strong><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-proof-warning\">\r\n              A GDT used in an N-PE or hybrid product should not automatically be described as the same structure as a high-power Type 1 spark-gap arrester. Use the exact product documentation and test classification.<sup><a href=\"#ref-10\">[10]<\/a><\/sup>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-proof-links\">\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/ly1-12-51s1pluggable-single-pole-spd-product\/\">View the LY1-12.5\/1(S)+1 product data<\/a>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/patents-certificates\/\">Check LEEYEE certificate scope<\/a>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/shop\/type-12-surge-protective-device\/\">Compare Type 1+2 product options<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<section class=\"lysg-section\" id=\"buying-mistakes\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-container\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-section-head\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-eyebrow\">Risk control<\/div>\r\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"common-buying-mistakes\"><\/span>Common buying mistakes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-mistake-grid\">\r\n<article class=\"lysg-mistake\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-mistake-number\">01<\/div>\r\n<h3>Type 1 means spark gap<\/h3>\r\n<p>Type 1 is verified by the complete device\u2019s test classification and declared Iimp\u2014not the component label.<\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"lysg-mistake\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-mistake-number\">02<\/div>\r\n<h3>MOV Type 1 is automatically inferior<\/h3>\r\n<p>A tested MOV-based Type 1+2 may fit the application. Compare the complete ratings and system requirements.<\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"lysg-mistake\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-mistake-number\">03<\/div>\r\n<h3>Imax is treated as Iimp<\/h3>\r\n<p>Imax is normally associated with an 8\/20 \u03bcs waveform. Iimp is the Type 1 lightning impulse-current parameter.<\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"lysg-mistake\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-mistake-number\">04<\/div>\r\n<h3>Response time decides everything<\/h3>\r\n<p>Up, waveform, wiring inductance, sparkover and system coordination are more useful than one nanosecond claim.<\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"lysg-mistake\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-mistake-number\">05<\/div>\r\n<h3>The N-PE path is ignored<\/h3>\r\n<p>In TT 3+1 systems, the N-PE path may have different technology and total-current duty from L-N modules.<\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"lysg-mistake\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-mistake-number\">06<\/div>\r\n<h3>Follow current is not checked<\/h3>\r\n<p>A spark-gap SPD must suit the prospective short-circuit conditions and upstream protective device.<\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"lysg-mistake\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-mistake-number\">07<\/div>\r\n<h3>A product photo proves compliance<\/h3>\r\n<p>Only matched model data, certificates, reports, markings and samples support approval.<\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<article class=\"lysg-mistake\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-mistake-number\">08<\/div>\r\n<h3>Uc is selected by nominal voltage only<\/h3>\r\n<p>Uc must also suit the earthing arrangement, voltage tolerance and TOV conditions.<\/p>\r\n<\/article>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<section class=\"lysg-section\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-container\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-cta\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-cta-grid\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-cta-copy\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-eyebrow\">LEEYEE specification support<\/div>\r\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"need-help-confirming-a-type-1-spd-specification\"><\/span>Need help confirming a Type 1 SPD specification?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p>Send the system voltage, earthing arrangement, required Iimp and certificate requirement. LEEYEE can help compare the protection structure, ratings and exact model scope before sample approval or OEM quotation.<\/p>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-cta-points\" aria-label=\"Specification support scope\">\r\n<span>System and protection mode<\/span>\r\n<span>Iimp, Uc and Up<\/span>\r\n<span>Certificate model check<\/span>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-cta-action\">\r\n<button type=\"button\" class=\"leeyee-about-btn-light leeyee-site-popup-btn\" aria-label=\"Request a Quote\">\r\n<span class=\"w-btn-label\">Request a Quote<\/span>\r\n<\/button>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<section class=\"lysg-section lysg-section--soft\" id=\"related-guides\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-container\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-section-head\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-eyebrow\">Related engineering guides<\/div>\r\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"continue-the-type-1-and-spd-selection-process\"><\/span>Continue the Type 1 and SPD selection process<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p>Use these pages to verify the component technology, electrical ratings, system arrangement and procurement evidence in more detail.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-related-grid\">\r\n<a class=\"lysg-related-card\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/mov-spd-vs-gdt-spd\/\">\r\n<span>Component technology<\/span>\r\n<strong>MOV SPD vs GDT SPD<\/strong>\r\n<p>Compare basic MOV and GDT behaviour for power, signal and hybrid protection applications.<\/p>\r\n<\/a>\r\n<a class=\"lysg-related-card\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/spd-iimp-12-5ka-vs-25ka\/\">\r\n<span>Type 1 rating<\/span>\r\n<strong>Iimp 12.5 kA vs 25 kA<\/strong>\r\n<p>Understand lightning impulse-current ratings and how to compare per-pole and total values.<\/p>\r\n<\/a>\r\n<a class=\"lysg-related-card\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/spd-up-voltage-protection-level\/\">\r\n<span>Protection level<\/span>\r\n<strong>SPD Up Selection Guide<\/strong>\r\n<p>Evaluate declared voltage protection level against equipment withstand and installation effects.<\/p>\r\n<\/a>\r\n<a class=\"lysg-related-card\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/tt-system-spd\/\">\r\n<span>Earthing system<\/span>\r\n<strong>TT System SPD Guide<\/strong>\r\n<p>Review 1+1 and 3+1 arrangements, N-PE protection and TT-system selection logic.<\/p>\r\n<\/a>\r\n<a class=\"lysg-related-card\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/3pn-spd-vs-4p-spd\/\">\r\n<span>Circuit arrangement<\/span>\r\n<strong>3P+N vs 4P SPD<\/strong>\r\n<p>Compare phase, neutral and protection-mode arrangements for three-phase distribution boards.<\/p>\r\n<\/a>\r\n<a class=\"lysg-related-card\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/spd-certificate-verification\/\">\r\n<span>Document control<\/span>\r\n<strong>SPD Certificate Verification<\/strong>\r\n<p>Check whether the certificate, test report, product marking and quoted model actually match.<\/p>\r\n<\/a>\r\n<a class=\"lysg-related-card\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/spd-selection-guide\/\">\r\n<span>Complete selection<\/span>\r\n<strong>SPD Selection Guide<\/strong>\r\n<p>Move from system voltage and earthing arrangement to ratings, wiring and project approval.<\/p>\r\n<\/a>\r\n<a class=\"lysg-related-card\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/shop\/type-12-surge-protective-device\/\">\r\n<span>Available product scope<\/span>\r\n<strong>LEEYEE Type 1+2 SPD Range<\/strong>\r\n<p>Compare declared Iimp, voltage options, pole arrangements, replaceable modules and available certificate documents.<\/p>\r\n<\/a>\r\n<a class=\"lysg-related-card\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/spd-type1-vs-type2-vs-type-3\/\">\r\n<span>SPD classification<\/span>\r\n<strong>Type 1 vs Type 2 vs Type 3 SPD<\/strong>\r\n<p>Compare test classes, installation positions, waveforms and coordination across the protection concept.<\/p>\r\n<\/a>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<section class=\"lysg-section\" id=\"faq\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-container\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-section-head\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-eyebrow\">Frequently asked questions<\/div>\r\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"spark-gap-spd-vs-mov-spd-faq\"><\/span>Spark gap SPD vs MOV SPD FAQ<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-faq\">\r\n<details>\r\n<summary>Is a spark gap better than an MOV for a Type 1 SPD?<\/summary>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-faq-answer\"><p>Not in every application. Spark gaps are widely used for high lightning-current and N-PE duties. MOVs provide voltage-limiting behaviour and can be used in tested Type 1+2 products. Select the complete SPD according to the system, ratings and documentation.<\/p><\/div>\r\n<\/details>\r\n<details>\r\n<summary>Can an MOV-based SPD pass Type 1 requirements?<\/summary>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-faq-answer\"><p>Yes. The manufacturer must demonstrate that the complete SPD or declared protection mode meets the applicable Type 1 test requirements and ratings. Phoenix Contact publicly lists varistor-based Type 1+2 products, which confirms that Type 1+2 is not limited to spark-gap architecture.<sup><a href=\"#ref-4\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div>\r\n<\/details>\r\n<details>\r\n<summary>Why is a spark gap often used between N and PE?<\/summary>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-faq-answer\"><p>It can provide electrical separation during normal operation and a high-current discharge path during a surge. Spark-gap-based N-PE arresters are widely used in 1+1 and 3+1 circuits, especially for TT applications.<sup><a href=\"#ref-5\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/p><\/div>\r\n<\/details>\r\n<details>\r\n<summary>Does every spark gap produce line follow current?<\/summary>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-faq-answer\"><p>No. Follow-current behaviour depends on the design. Some products specify an extinguishing capability, while modern triggered designs may be engineered to operate without line follow current. Verify the exact model data.<\/p><\/div>\r\n<\/details>\r\n<details>\r\n<summary>Does a spark-gap SPD have zero voltage protection level?<\/summary>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-faq-answer\"><p>No. The installed voltage stress includes dynamic sparkover, arc voltage, internal inductance and connection effects. Use the declared and tested Up of the complete device.<\/p><\/div>\r\n<\/details>\r\n<details>\r\n<summary>Does Type 1+2 always contain both a spark gap and an MOV?<\/summary>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-faq-answer\"><p>No. Type 1+2 means the complete device fulfils the declared Type 1 and Type 2 requirements. The internal architecture may be spark-gap-based, MOV-based or a coordinated combination.<\/p><\/div>\r\n<\/details>\r\n<details>\r\n<summary>What should an OEM buyer verify first?<\/summary>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-faq-answer\"><p>Start with system voltage, earthing arrangement, protection modes, installation position, required Iimp, Uc, Up, short-circuit conditions and certificate requirements. Discuss branding and packaging only after the technical configuration is confirmed.<\/p><\/div>\r\n<\/details>\r\n<details>\r\n<summary>Should a 100 kA headline be used to compare Type 1 SPDs?<\/summary>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-faq-answer\"><p>No. Determine whether the value is Iimp, Itotal, In or Imax; identify the waveform and protection mode; and verify whether it applies per pole, per path or to the complete assembly.<\/p><\/div>\r\n<\/details>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<section class=\"lysg-section lysg-section--soft\" id=\"references\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-container lysg-narrow\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-section-head\">\r\n<div class=\"lysg-eyebrow\">Authoritative sources<\/div>\r\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"references\"><\/span>References<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p>Technical statements were reviewed against current IEC pages, primary manufacturer engineering resources and clearly identified LEEYEE first-party product and testing information.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-revision-box\">\r\n<div>\r\n<strong>Technical review and update status<\/strong>\r\n<p>Reviewed by the LEEYEE Technical Team. Last updated July 23, 2026.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n<ul><li>Removed the internal H1 and landing-page hero because the WordPress template supplies the page title.<\/li><li>Moved the Quick Answer, contents and update information to a compact article opening.<\/li><li>Placed all three engineering infographics inside their relevant technical sections.<\/li><li>Reduced promotional elements to one light B2B specification CTA.<\/li><li>Converted desktop tables into readable mobile cards without horizontal scrolling.<\/li><\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<ol class=\"lysg-references\">\r\n<li id=\"ref-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/65314\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 61643-11:2025 \u2014 Low-voltage surge protective devices connected to AC low-voltage power systems: requirements and test methods.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li id=\"ref-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/65315\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">IEC 61643-01:2024 \u2014 Low-voltage surge protective devices: general requirements and test methods.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li id=\"ref-3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.electrical-installation.org\/enwiki\/The_Surge_Protection_Device_%28SPD%29\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Schneider Electric Electrical Installation Guide \u2014 The Surge Protection Device (SPD), including Iimp, Up and Ifi explanations.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li id=\"ref-4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.phoenixcontact.com\/en-pc\/products\/surge-protection\/surge-protection-for-power-supplies\/type1-surge-protection\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Phoenix Contact \u2014 Type 1+2 surge protection, including spark-gap, varistor-based and coordinated hybrid product structures.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li id=\"ref-5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dehn-international.com\/store\/h\/en-DE\/H679\/n-pe-lightning-current-arresters\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">DEHN \u2014 N-PE lightning current arresters for 1+1 and 3+1 circuits.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li id=\"ref-6\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dehn-international.com\/store\/p\/en-DE\/F31222\/dehngap\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">DEHN \u2014 DEHNgap spark-gap-based total-current arrester for TT-system 1+1 and 3+1 configurations.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li id=\"ref-7\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.littelfuse.com\/products\/overvoltage-protection\/varistors\/radial-leaded-varistors\/tmov25s-and-itmov25s\/tmov25sp320m\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Littelfuse \u2014 Thermally protected MOV information covering sustained abnormal overvoltage and overheating protection.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li id=\"ref-8\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.phoenixcontact.com\/en-sg\/technologies\/surge-protection-technology\/spark-gap-technology\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Phoenix Contact \u2014 Spark-gap technology, residual-voltage behaviour and no-line-follow-current designs.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li id=\"ref-9\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/spd-manufacturer2\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">LEEYEE \u2014 documented SPD production and verification equipment, including MOV\/GDT testing, lightning impulse, thermal stability and combination-wave testing.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li id=\"ref-10\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/ly1-12-51s1pluggable-single-pole-spd-product\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">LEEYEE LY1-12.5\/1(S)+1 \u2014 Type 1+2, L-N\/N-PE product data with declared MOV + GDT protection elements and impulse-current ratings.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li id=\"ref-11\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/patents-certificates\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">LEEYEE Certificates \u2014 selected LY1-12.5 and LY1-7 Type 1+2 certificate scope and model-verification guidance.<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p class=\"lysg-source-note\">Standards and product portfolios change. Confirm the edition, certificate status, national adoption and exact manufacturer model required by the project before approval.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section>\r\n<\/main>\r\n<div class=\"lysg-footer-mark\">\r\n<strong>LEEYEE<\/strong> \u2014 Built to Protect. Trusted to Last.<br\/>\r\n    CNSPD is LEEYEE\u2019s surge protection-focused platform for global B2B buyers.\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<script>\r\n  document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () {\r\n    var aboutPopupButtons = document.querySelectorAll('.leeyee-site-popup-btn');\r\n\r\n    aboutPopupButtons.forEach(function (button) {\r\n      button.addEventListener('click', function () {\r\n        var realPopupTrigger = document.querySelector('.w-popup.ush_popup_1 .w-popup-trigger');\r\n\r\n        if (realPopupTrigger) {\r\n          realPopupTrigger.click();\r\n        } else {\r\n          window.open('https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/contact\/', '_blank', 'noopener');\r\n        }\r\n      });\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n<\/script>\r\n<\/article>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Der Vergleich zwischen Funkenstrecken-SPD und MOV-SPD ist kein einfaches \u201eBesser oder Schlechter\u201c. Eine Funkenstrecke verwendet spannungsschaltendes Verhalten. Ein MOV verwendet spannungsbegrenzendes Verhalten. Dieser Leitfaden erkl\u00e4rt, wie sich diese Strukturen auf die Auswahl f\u00fcr Typ 1, Typ 1+2, N-PE und 3+1 f\u00fcr die technische Beschaffung und OEM-Zulassung auswirken. Zuletzt aktualisiert: 23. Juli 2026 Technische Pr\u00fcfung: LEEYEE Technical&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,488,422],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30375","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","category-surge-protection","category-industry-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Spark Gap SPD vs MOV SPD | Type 1 &amp; N-PE Guide<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Compare spark gap and MOV Type 1 SPDs by Iimp, Up, follow current, N-PE 3+1 design, certification and OEM selection requirements.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/de\/spark-gap-spd-vs-mov-spd\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Spark Gap SPD vs MOV SPD | Type 1 &amp; N-PE Guide\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Compare spark gap and MOV Type 1 SPDs by Iimp, Up, follow current, N-PE 3+1 design, certification and OEM selection requirements.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/de\/spark-gap-spd-vs-mov-spd\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Surge Protector, Surge Arrestor, Isolating Switch - 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