{"id":30082,"date":"2026-07-15T13:52:59","date_gmt":"2026-07-15T05:52:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/?p=30082"},"modified":"2026-07-15T15:15:11","modified_gmt":"2026-07-15T07:15:11","slug":"bess-dc-spd-selection-guide-for-battery-cabinets-and-pcs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/fr\/bess-dc-spd\/","title":{"rendered":"BESS DC SPD Selection Guide for Battery Cabinets and PCS"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"30082\" class=\"elementor elementor-30082\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5420a50 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5420a50\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f312fc5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"f312fc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide {\r\n    --ly-blue: #004898;\r\n    --ly-blue-dark: #00366f;\r\n    --ly-blue-soft: #edf5fc;\r\n    --ly-blue-pale: #f6faff;\r\n    --ly-green: #18794e;\r\n    --ly-green-soft: #edf8f2;\r\n    --ly-amber: #9a6700;\r\n    --ly-amber-soft: #fff8df;\r\n    --ly-red: #b42318;\r\n    --ly-red-soft: #fff2f0;\r\n    --ly-text: #172033;\r\n    --ly-muted: #5b6678;\r\n    --ly-line: #dce4ee;\r\n    --ly-line-dark: #c9d4e2;\r\n    --ly-white: #ffffff;\r\n    --ly-shadow: 0 14px 36px rgba(20, 43, 76, 0.08);\r\n    --ly-radius: 18px;\r\n    --ly-radius-small: 12px;\r\n    --ly-page-gap: 32px;\r\n    --ly-section-gap: 72px;\r\n    --ly-body-size: 17px;\r\n    --ly-h2-size: 34px;\r\n    --ly-h3-size: 23px;\r\n\r\n    width: 100%;\r\n    max-width: 100%;\r\n    color: var(--ly-text);\r\n    font-family:\r\n      Inter,\r\n      -apple-system,\r\n      BlinkMacSystemFont,\r\n      \"Segoe UI\",\r\n      Roboto,\r\n      Helvetica,\r\n      Arial,\r\n      sans-serif;\r\n    font-size: var(--ly-body-size);\r\n    line-height: 1.72;\r\n    overflow-wrap: anywhere;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide *,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide *::before,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide *::after {\r\n    box-sizing: border-box;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-shell {\r\n    width: min(1180px, calc(100% - (var(--ly-page-gap) * 2)));\r\n    margin: 0 auto;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide p {\r\n    margin: 0 0 18px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide p:last-child {\r\n    margin-bottom: 0;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide h2,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide h3,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide h4 {\r\n    color: var(--ly-text);\r\n    font-weight: 760;\r\n    line-height: 1.24;\r\n    letter-spacing: -0.02em;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide h2 {\r\n    margin: 0 0 24px;\r\n    font-size: var(--ly-h2-size);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide h3 {\r\n    margin: 0 0 15px;\r\n    font-size: var(--ly-h3-size);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide h4 {\r\n    margin: 0 0 10px;\r\n    font-size: 18px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide a {\r\n    color: var(--ly-blue);\r\n    text-decoration-thickness: 1px;\r\n    text-underline-offset: 3px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide a:hover {\r\n    color: var(--ly-blue-dark);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide strong {\r\n    font-weight: 760;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide sup {\r\n    position: relative;\r\n    top: -0.15em;\r\n    font-size: 0.72em;\r\n    line-height: 0;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide ul,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide ol {\r\n    margin: 0;\r\n    padding-left: 22px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide li {\r\n    margin: 7px 0;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-intro {\r\n    padding: 14px 0 0;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-kicker {\r\n    display: inline-flex;\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n    gap: 9px;\r\n    margin-bottom: 18px;\r\n    color: var(--ly-blue);\r\n    font-size: 13px;\r\n    font-weight: 800;\r\n    letter-spacing: 0.09em;\r\n    text-transform: uppercase;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-kicker::before {\r\n    width: 28px;\r\n    height: 3px;\r\n    border-radius: 999px;\r\n    background: var(--ly-blue);\r\n    content: \"\";\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-lead {\r\n    max-width: 960px;\r\n    margin: 0;\r\n    color: #27344a;\r\n    font-size: 21px;\r\n    line-height: 1.62;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-lead strong {\r\n    color: var(--ly-blue-dark);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-update {\r\n    display: flex;\r\n    flex-wrap: wrap;\r\n    gap: 8px 18px;\r\n    margin-top: 22px;\r\n    color: var(--ly-muted);\r\n    font-size: 14px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-update span {\r\n    display: inline-flex;\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n    gap: 7px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-update span::before {\r\n    width: 7px;\r\n    height: 7px;\r\n    border-radius: 50%;\r\n    background: var(--ly-blue);\r\n    content: \"\";\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-quick {\r\n    position: relative;\r\n    margin-top: 34px;\r\n    padding: 31px 34px;\r\n    border: 1px solid #b9d5ef;\r\n    border-left: 6px solid var(--ly-blue);\r\n    border-radius: var(--ly-radius);\r\n    background:\r\n      linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(0, 72, 152, 0.06), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9)),\r\n      var(--ly-white);\r\n    box-shadow: var(--ly-shadow);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-quick-label {\r\n    display: inline-block;\r\n    margin-bottom: 10px;\r\n    color: var(--ly-blue);\r\n    font-size: 14px;\r\n    font-weight: 800;\r\n    letter-spacing: 0.07em;\r\n    text-transform: uppercase;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-quick p {\r\n    font-size: 18px;\r\n    line-height: 1.67;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-key-points {\r\n    display: grid;\r\n    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n    gap: 14px;\r\n    margin-top: 23px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-key-point {\r\n    min-width: 0;\r\n    padding: 16px;\r\n    border: 1px solid var(--ly-line);\r\n    border-radius: 12px;\r\n    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.88);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-key-point strong {\r\n    display: block;\r\n    margin-bottom: 5px;\r\n    color: var(--ly-blue-dark);\r\n    font-size: 16px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-key-point span {\r\n    display: block;\r\n    color: var(--ly-muted);\r\n    font-size: 14px;\r\n    line-height: 1.5;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-toc {\r\n    margin-top: 30px;\r\n    padding: 25px 28px;\r\n    border: 1px solid var(--ly-line);\r\n    border-radius: var(--ly-radius-small);\r\n    background: #fbfcfe;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-toc summary {\r\n    position: relative;\r\n    padding-right: 30px;\r\n    color: var(--ly-text);\r\n    font-size: 18px;\r\n    font-weight: 760;\r\n    cursor: pointer;\r\n    list-style: none;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-toc summary::-webkit-details-marker {\r\n    display: none;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-toc summary::after {\r\n    position: absolute;\r\n    top: 50%;\r\n    right: 2px;\r\n    color: var(--ly-blue);\r\n    font-size: 22px;\r\n    line-height: 1;\r\n    transform: translateY(-50%);\r\n    content: \"+\";\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-toc[open] summary::after {\r\n    content: \"\u2212\";\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-toc ol {\r\n    display: grid;\r\n    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n    gap: 7px 28px;\r\n    margin-top: 19px;\r\n    padding-left: 21px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-toc a {\r\n    color: #31415a;\r\n    font-size: 15px;\r\n    text-decoration: none;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-section {\r\n    padding-top: var(--ly-section-gap);\r\n    scroll-margin-top: 100px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-section-head {\r\n    max-width: 930px;\r\n    margin-bottom: 28px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-section-head p {\r\n    color: var(--ly-muted);\r\n    font-size: 18px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-eyebrow {\r\n    display: inline-block;\r\n    margin-bottom: 8px;\r\n    color: var(--ly-blue);\r\n    font-size: 13px;\r\n    font-weight: 800;\r\n    letter-spacing: 0.08em;\r\n    text-transform: uppercase;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-figure {\r\n    width: 100%;\r\n    margin: 30px 0 34px;\r\n    padding: 12px;\r\n    border: 1px solid var(--ly-line);\r\n    border-radius: 18px;\r\n    background: var(--ly-white);\r\n    box-shadow: var(--ly-shadow);\r\n    overflow: hidden;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-figure img {\r\n    display: block;\r\n    width: 100%;\r\n    height: auto;\r\n    border-radius: 11px;\r\n    object-fit: cover;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-figure figcaption {\r\n    margin: 12px 4px 2px;\r\n    color: var(--ly-muted);\r\n    font-size: 13px;\r\n    line-height: 1.55;\r\n    text-align: center;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-warning,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-note,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-good {\r\n    margin: 26px 0;\r\n    padding: 22px 24px;\r\n    border-radius: var(--ly-radius-small);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-warning {\r\n    border: 1px solid #f1c0ba;\r\n    background: var(--ly-red-soft);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-note {\r\n    border: 1px solid #edd58a;\r\n    background: var(--ly-amber-soft);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-good {\r\n    border: 1px solid #b9dfcb;\r\n    background: var(--ly-green-soft);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-warning strong,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-note strong,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-good strong {\r\n    display: block;\r\n    margin-bottom: 6px;\r\n    font-size: 17px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-warning strong {\r\n    color: var(--ly-red);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-note strong {\r\n    color: var(--ly-amber);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-good strong {\r\n    color: var(--ly-green);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-table-wrap {\r\n    width: 100%;\r\n    margin: 26px 0;\r\n    overflow-x: auto;\r\n    border: 1px solid var(--ly-line);\r\n    border-radius: var(--ly-radius-small);\r\n    background: var(--ly-white);\r\n    box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(20, 43, 76, 0.05);\r\n    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide table {\r\n    width: 100%;\r\n    min-width: 790px;\r\n    border-collapse: collapse;\r\n    border-spacing: 0;\r\n    font-size: 15px;\r\n    line-height: 1.55;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide th,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide td {\r\n    padding: 15px 17px;\r\n    border-right: 1px solid var(--ly-line);\r\n    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ly-line);\r\n    vertical-align: top;\r\n    text-align: left;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide th:last-child,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide td:last-child {\r\n    border-right: 0;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide tbody tr:last-child td {\r\n    border-bottom: 0;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide thead th {\r\n    color: var(--ly-white);\r\n    font-size: 14px;\r\n    font-weight: 760;\r\n    background: var(--ly-blue);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide tbody tr:nth-child(even) {\r\n    background: #f8fafc;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide tbody tr:hover {\r\n    background: #f0f6fc;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-comparison,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-decision-grid,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-mistakes {\r\n    display: grid;\r\n    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n    gap: 20px;\r\n    margin-top: 26px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-compare-card,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-decision-card {\r\n    min-width: 0;\r\n    padding: 26px;\r\n    border: 1px solid var(--ly-line);\r\n    border-radius: var(--ly-radius);\r\n    background: var(--ly-white);\r\n    box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(20, 43, 76, 0.05);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-compare-card--battery {\r\n    border-top: 5px solid var(--ly-blue);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-compare-card--pv {\r\n    border-top: 5px solid #d39200;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-card-tag {\r\n    display: inline-flex;\r\n    margin-bottom: 13px;\r\n    padding: 5px 10px;\r\n    border-radius: 999px;\r\n    color: var(--ly-blue-dark);\r\n    font-size: 12px;\r\n    font-weight: 800;\r\n    background: var(--ly-blue-soft);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-compare-card--pv .ly-bess-card-tag {\r\n    color: #745000;\r\n    background: #fff4cd;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-check-list {\r\n    margin-top: 14px;\r\n    padding: 0;\r\n    list-style: none;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-check-list li {\r\n    position: relative;\r\n    margin: 10px 0;\r\n    padding-left: 27px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-check-list li::before {\r\n    position: absolute;\r\n    top: 1px;\r\n    left: 0;\r\n    width: 19px;\r\n    height: 19px;\r\n    border-radius: 50%;\r\n    color: var(--ly-white);\r\n    font-size: 12px;\r\n    font-weight: 800;\r\n    line-height: 19px;\r\n    text-align: center;\r\n    background: var(--ly-blue);\r\n    content: \"\u2713\";\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-process {\r\n    display: grid;\r\n    gap: 17px;\r\n    margin-top: 26px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-step {\r\n    display: grid;\r\n    grid-template-columns: 58px minmax(0, 1fr);\r\n    gap: 20px;\r\n    align-items: start;\r\n    padding: 24px;\r\n    border: 1px solid var(--ly-line);\r\n    border-radius: var(--ly-radius-small);\r\n    background: var(--ly-white);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-step-number {\r\n    display: grid;\r\n    width: 52px;\r\n    height: 52px;\r\n    place-items: center;\r\n    border-radius: 14px;\r\n    color: var(--ly-white);\r\n    font-size: 19px;\r\n    font-weight: 820;\r\n    background: var(--ly-blue);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-formula {\r\n    margin: 27px 0;\r\n    padding: 28px;\r\n    border: 1px solid #bdd5ed;\r\n    border-radius: var(--ly-radius);\r\n    background: var(--ly-blue-pale);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-formula-line {\r\n    margin: 17px 0;\r\n    padding: 17px 20px;\r\n    border-radius: 10px;\r\n    color: var(--ly-blue-dark);\r\n    font-family:\r\n      \"SFMono-Regular\",\r\n      Consolas,\r\n      \"Liberation Mono\",\r\n      monospace;\r\n    font-size: 17px;\r\n    font-weight: 760;\r\n    background: var(--ly-white);\r\n    box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px #d7e5f2;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-ground-grid,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-parameter-grid,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-related {\r\n    display: grid;\r\n    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n    gap: 17px;\r\n    margin-top: 25px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-ground-card,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-parameter-card {\r\n    min-width: 0;\r\n    padding: 23px;\r\n    border: 1px solid var(--ly-line);\r\n    border-radius: var(--ly-radius-small);\r\n    background: var(--ly-white);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-ground-code {\r\n    display: inline-grid;\r\n    min-width: 44px;\r\n    height: 34px;\r\n    margin-bottom: 13px;\r\n    padding: 0 10px;\r\n    place-items: center;\r\n    border-radius: 8px;\r\n    color: var(--ly-blue);\r\n    font-size: 13px;\r\n    font-weight: 820;\r\n    background: var(--ly-blue-soft);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-flow-caption {\r\n    margin-bottom: 18px;\r\n    color: var(--ly-muted);\r\n    font-size: 14px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-system-flow {\r\n    display: grid;\r\n    grid-template-columns:\r\n      minmax(160px, 1fr)\r\n      44px\r\n      minmax(160px, 1fr)\r\n      44px\r\n      minmax(160px, 1fr)\r\n      44px\r\n      minmax(160px, 1fr);\r\n    gap: 6px;\r\n    align-items: stretch;\r\n    margin: 27px 0;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-node {\r\n    min-width: 0;\r\n    padding: 22px 17px 18px;\r\n    border: 1px solid var(--ly-line-dark);\r\n    border-radius: 14px;\r\n    background: var(--ly-white);\r\n    text-align: center;\r\n    box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(20, 43, 76, 0.05);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-node strong,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-parameter-card strong {\r\n    display: block;\r\n    margin-bottom: 7px;\r\n    color: var(--ly-blue-dark);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-node span,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-parameter-card span {\r\n    display: block;\r\n    color: var(--ly-muted);\r\n    font-size: 14px;\r\n    line-height: 1.5;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-spd-marker {\r\n    display: inline-flex !important;\r\n    width: auto;\r\n    margin: 13px auto 0;\r\n    padding: 5px 9px;\r\n    border-radius: 999px;\r\n    color: var(--ly-white) !important;\r\n    font-size: 11px !important;\r\n    font-weight: 820;\r\n    background: var(--ly-blue);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-arrow {\r\n    display: grid;\r\n    place-items: center;\r\n    color: var(--ly-blue);\r\n    font-size: 27px;\r\n    font-weight: 700;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-decision-card--type1 {\r\n    border-left: 5px solid var(--ly-red);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-decision-card--type2 {\r\n    border-left: 5px solid var(--ly-blue);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-mistake {\r\n    display: grid;\r\n    grid-template-columns: 34px minmax(0, 1fr);\r\n    gap: 14px;\r\n    padding: 21px;\r\n    border: 1px solid #eed2ce;\r\n    border-radius: var(--ly-radius-small);\r\n    background: #fffafa;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-mistake-icon {\r\n    display: grid;\r\n    width: 32px;\r\n    height: 32px;\r\n    place-items: center;\r\n    border-radius: 50%;\r\n    color: var(--ly-red);\r\n    font-size: 18px;\r\n    font-weight: 800;\r\n    background: var(--ly-red-soft);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-faq {\r\n    display: grid;\r\n    gap: 12px;\r\n    margin-top: 25px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-faq details {\r\n    border: 1px solid var(--ly-line);\r\n    border-radius: var(--ly-radius-small);\r\n    background: var(--ly-white);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-faq summary {\r\n    position: relative;\r\n    padding: 20px 55px 20px 22px;\r\n    color: var(--ly-text);\r\n    font-size: 17px;\r\n    font-weight: 730;\r\n    cursor: pointer;\r\n    list-style: none;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-faq summary::-webkit-details-marker {\r\n    display: none;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-faq summary::after {\r\n    position: absolute;\r\n    top: 50%;\r\n    right: 21px;\r\n    width: 28px;\r\n    height: 28px;\r\n    border-radius: 50%;\r\n    color: var(--ly-blue);\r\n    font-size: 20px;\r\n    line-height: 27px;\r\n    text-align: center;\r\n    background: var(--ly-blue-soft);\r\n    transform: translateY(-50%);\r\n    content: \"+\";\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-faq details[open] summary::after {\r\n    content: \"\u2212\";\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-faq-answer {\r\n    padding: 0 22px 21px;\r\n    color: var(--ly-muted);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta {\r\n    margin-top: var(--ly-section-gap);\r\n    padding: 38px;\r\n    border-radius: 22px;\r\n    color: var(--ly-white);\r\n    background:\r\n      radial-gradient(circle at 85% 20%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.17), transparent 27%),\r\n      linear-gradient(135deg, var(--ly-blue-dark), var(--ly-blue));\r\n    box-shadow: 0 20px 44px rgba(0, 72, 152, 0.2);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-grid {\r\n    display: grid;\r\n    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.45fr) minmax(260px, 0.55fr);\r\n    gap: 34px;\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta h2 {\r\n    margin-bottom: 15px;\r\n    color: var(--ly-white);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta p {\r\n    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.86);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-list {\r\n    display: grid;\r\n    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n    gap: 8px 22px;\r\n    margin: 21px 0 0;\r\n    padding: 0;\r\n    list-style: none;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-list li {\r\n    position: relative;\r\n    margin: 0;\r\n    padding-left: 22px;\r\n    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);\r\n    font-size: 14px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-list li::before {\r\n    position: absolute;\r\n    top: 0;\r\n    left: 0;\r\n    color: #a8d9ff;\r\n    font-weight: 800;\r\n    content: \"\u2713\";\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-actions {\r\n    display: flex;\r\n    flex-direction: column;\r\n    gap: 12px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-btn {\r\n    display: inline-flex;\r\n    min-height: 52px;\r\n    padding: 13px 20px;\r\n    align-items: center;\r\n    justify-content: center;\r\n    border: 1px solid transparent;\r\n    border-radius: 10px;\r\n    font-size: 15px;\r\n    font-weight: 780;\r\n    line-height: 1.25;\r\n    text-align: center;\r\n    text-decoration: none;\r\n    cursor: pointer;\r\n    transition:\r\n      transform 0.2s ease,\r\n      box-shadow 0.2s ease,\r\n      background 0.2s ease;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-btn:hover {\r\n    transform: translateY(-2px);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-btn-primary {\r\n    color: var(--ly-blue-dark);\r\n    background: var(--ly-white);\r\n    box-shadow: 0 10px 22px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-btn-secondary {\r\n    border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.44);\r\n    color: var(--ly-white);\r\n    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-related-card {\r\n    display: block;\r\n    min-width: 0;\r\n    padding: 22px;\r\n    border: 1px solid var(--ly-line);\r\n    border-radius: var(--ly-radius-small);\r\n    color: var(--ly-text);\r\n    background: var(--ly-white);\r\n    text-decoration: none;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-related-card small {\r\n    display: block;\r\n    margin-bottom: 7px;\r\n    color: var(--ly-blue);\r\n    font-size: 12px;\r\n    font-weight: 800;\r\n    letter-spacing: 0.07em;\r\n    text-transform: uppercase;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-related-card strong {\r\n    display: block;\r\n    margin-bottom: 7px;\r\n    font-size: 17px;\r\n    line-height: 1.4;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-related-card span {\r\n    display: block;\r\n    color: var(--ly-muted);\r\n    font-size: 14px;\r\n    line-height: 1.5;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-references {\r\n    margin: 25px 0 0;\r\n    padding-left: 23px;\r\n    color: var(--ly-muted);\r\n    font-size: 14px;\r\n    line-height: 1.6;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-reference-note {\r\n    margin-top: 20px;\r\n    padding: 18px 20px;\r\n    border-radius: 10px;\r\n    color: var(--ly-muted);\r\n    font-size: 13px;\r\n    background: #f5f7fa;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-review-strip {\r\n    display: grid;\r\n    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n    gap: 12px;\r\n    margin-top: 24px;\r\n    padding: 17px 19px;\r\n    border: 1px solid var(--ly-line);\r\n    border-radius: var(--ly-radius-small);\r\n    background: #f8fafc;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-review-item {\r\n    min-width: 0;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-review-item small {\r\n    display: block;\r\n    margin-bottom: 3px;\r\n    color: var(--ly-muted);\r\n    font-size: 11px;\r\n    font-weight: 800;\r\n    letter-spacing: 0.06em;\r\n    text-transform: uppercase;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-review-item strong {\r\n    display: block;\r\n    color: var(--ly-text);\r\n    font-size: 14px;\r\n    line-height: 1.45;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-output-box {\r\n    margin-top: 28px;\r\n    padding: 28px;\r\n    border: 1px solid #b9d5ef;\r\n    border-radius: var(--ly-radius);\r\n    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f2f8fe, #ffffff);\r\n    box-shadow: var(--ly-shadow);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-output-grid {\r\n    display: grid;\r\n    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n    gap: 14px;\r\n    margin-top: 20px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-output-item {\r\n    min-width: 0;\r\n    padding: 18px;\r\n    border: 1px solid var(--ly-line);\r\n    border-radius: 11px;\r\n    background: var(--ly-white);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-output-item small {\r\n    display: block;\r\n    margin-bottom: 5px;\r\n    color: var(--ly-blue);\r\n    font-size: 11px;\r\n    font-weight: 820;\r\n    letter-spacing: 0.06em;\r\n    text-transform: uppercase;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-output-item strong {\r\n    display: block;\r\n    color: var(--ly-blue-dark);\r\n    font-size: 16px;\r\n    line-height: 1.4;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cases {\r\n    display: grid;\r\n    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n    gap: 18px;\r\n    margin-top: 26px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-case {\r\n    min-width: 0;\r\n    padding: 24px;\r\n    border: 1px solid var(--ly-line);\r\n    border-radius: var(--ly-radius);\r\n    background: var(--ly-white);\r\n    box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(20, 43, 76, 0.05);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-case-number {\r\n    display: inline-flex;\r\n    margin-bottom: 13px;\r\n    padding: 5px 10px;\r\n    border-radius: 999px;\r\n    color: var(--ly-blue-dark);\r\n    font-size: 12px;\r\n    font-weight: 820;\r\n    background: var(--ly-blue-soft);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-case dl {\r\n    margin: 15px 0 0;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-case dt {\r\n    margin-top: 13px;\r\n    color: var(--ly-text);\r\n    font-size: 13px;\r\n    font-weight: 800;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-case dd {\r\n    margin: 3px 0 0;\r\n    color: var(--ly-muted);\r\n    font-size: 14px;\r\n    line-height: 1.55;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-evidence-list {\r\n    display: grid;\r\n    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n    gap: 14px;\r\n    margin: 24px 0 0;\r\n    padding: 0;\r\n    list-style: none;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-evidence-list li {\r\n    position: relative;\r\n    margin: 0;\r\n    padding: 18px 18px 18px 47px;\r\n    border: 1px solid var(--ly-line);\r\n    border-radius: 11px;\r\n    background: #fbfcfe;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-evidence-list li::before {\r\n    position: absolute;\r\n    top: 18px;\r\n    left: 17px;\r\n    display: grid;\r\n    width: 22px;\r\n    height: 22px;\r\n    place-items: center;\r\n    border-radius: 50%;\r\n    color: var(--ly-white);\r\n    font-size: 12px;\r\n    font-weight: 820;\r\n    background: var(--ly-blue);\r\n    content: \"\u2713\";\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-evidence-list strong {\r\n    display: block;\r\n    margin-bottom: 4px;\r\n    color: var(--ly-text);\r\n    font-size: 15px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-evidence-list span {\r\n    display: block;\r\n    color: var(--ly-muted);\r\n    font-size: 13px;\r\n    line-height: 1.5;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  @media (max-width: 1023px) {\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-review-strip,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-output-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cases {\r\n      grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  @media (max-width: 767px) {\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-review-strip,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-output-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cases,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-evidence-list {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-output-box {\r\n      padding: 22px;\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  @media (max-width: 430px) {\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-review-strip,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-output-box,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-case {\r\n      padding: 18px;\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  @media (min-width: 1440px) {\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide {\r\n      --ly-page-gap: 40px;\r\n      --ly-section-gap: 78px;\r\n      --ly-body-size: 17px;\r\n      --ly-h2-size: 36px;\r\n      --ly-h3-size: 24px;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-shell {\r\n      width: min(1200px, calc(100% - 80px));\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-figure {\r\n      padding: 14px;\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  @media (min-width: 1366px) and (max-width: 1439px) {\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide {\r\n      --ly-page-gap: 36px;\r\n      --ly-section-gap: 74px;\r\n      --ly-body-size: 17px;\r\n      --ly-h2-size: 35px;\r\n      --ly-h3-size: 23px;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-shell {\r\n      width: min(1160px, calc(100% - 72px));\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  @media (min-width: 1280px) and (max-width: 1365px) {\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide {\r\n      --ly-page-gap: 34px;\r\n      --ly-section-gap: 70px;\r\n      --ly-body-size: 16.5px;\r\n      --ly-h2-size: 33px;\r\n      --ly-h3-size: 22px;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-shell {\r\n      width: min(1120px, calc(100% - 68px));\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  @media (min-width: 1024px) and (max-width: 1279px) {\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide {\r\n      --ly-page-gap: 30px;\r\n      --ly-section-gap: 66px;\r\n      --ly-body-size: 16.5px;\r\n      --ly-h2-size: 32px;\r\n      --ly-h3-size: 21px;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-shell {\r\n      width: calc(100% - 60px);\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-key-points,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-parameter-grid {\r\n      grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-system-flow {\r\n      grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n      gap: 12px;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-arrow {\r\n      display: none;\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  @media (min-width: 912px) and (max-width: 1023px) {\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide {\r\n      --ly-page-gap: 28px;\r\n      --ly-section-gap: 62px;\r\n      --ly-body-size: 16px;\r\n      --ly-h2-size: 30px;\r\n      --ly-h3-size: 21px;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-shell {\r\n      width: calc(100% - 56px);\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-lead {\r\n      font-size: 19px;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-key-points,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-parameter-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-ground-grid {\r\n      grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-system-flow {\r\n      grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n      gap: 14px;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-arrow {\r\n      display: none;\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  @media (min-width: 820px) and (max-width: 911px) {\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide {\r\n      --ly-page-gap: 26px;\r\n      --ly-section-gap: 60px;\r\n      --ly-body-size: 16px;\r\n      --ly-h2-size: 29px;\r\n      --ly-h3-size: 20px;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-shell {\r\n      width: calc(100% - 52px);\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-key-points,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-parameter-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-ground-grid {\r\n      grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-system-flow {\r\n      grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-arrow {\r\n      display: none;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-grid {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  @media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 819px) {\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide {\r\n      --ly-page-gap: 24px;\r\n      --ly-section-gap: 58px;\r\n      --ly-body-size: 16px;\r\n      --ly-h2-size: 28px;\r\n      --ly-h3-size: 20px;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-shell {\r\n      width: calc(100% - 48px);\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-key-points,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-parameter-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-ground-grid {\r\n      grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-system-flow {\r\n      grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-arrow {\r\n      display: none;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-grid {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-related {\r\n      grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  @media (min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 767px) {\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide {\r\n      --ly-page-gap: 22px;\r\n      --ly-section-gap: 54px;\r\n      --ly-body-size: 16px;\r\n      --ly-h2-size: 27px;\r\n      --ly-h3-size: 20px;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-shell {\r\n      width: calc(100% - 44px);\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-comparison,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-ground-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-decision-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-parameter-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-mistakes {\r\n      grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-key-points,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-toc ol,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-related {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-system-flow {\r\n      grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-arrow {\r\n      display: none;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-grid {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-figure {\r\n      margin: 26px 0 30px;\r\n      padding: 10px;\r\n      border-radius: 15px;\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  @media (min-width: 540px) and (max-width: 599px) {\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide {\r\n      --ly-page-gap: 20px;\r\n      --ly-section-gap: 52px;\r\n      --ly-body-size: 16px;\r\n      --ly-h2-size: 26px;\r\n      --ly-h3-size: 19px;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-shell {\r\n      width: calc(100% - 40px);\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-key-points,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-comparison,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-ground-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-decision-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-parameter-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-mistakes,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-related,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-toc ol {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-system-flow {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-arrow {\r\n      min-height: 28px;\r\n      transform: rotate(90deg);\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-list {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  @media (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 539px) {\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide {\r\n      --ly-page-gap: 19px;\r\n      --ly-section-gap: 50px;\r\n      --ly-body-size: 15.8px;\r\n      --ly-h2-size: 25px;\r\n      --ly-h3-size: 19px;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-shell {\r\n      width: calc(100% - 38px);\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-key-points,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-comparison,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-ground-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-decision-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-parameter-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-mistakes,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-related,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-toc ol {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-system-flow {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-arrow {\r\n      min-height: 27px;\r\n      transform: rotate(90deg);\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-list {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-figure {\r\n      margin: 24px 0 28px;\r\n      padding: 8px;\r\n      border-radius: 14px;\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  @media (min-width: 430px) and (max-width: 479px) {\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide {\r\n      --ly-page-gap: 18px;\r\n      --ly-section-gap: 48px;\r\n      --ly-body-size: 15.6px;\r\n      --ly-h2-size: 24px;\r\n      --ly-h3-size: 18.5px;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-shell {\r\n      width: calc(100% - 36px);\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-key-points,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-comparison,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-ground-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-decision-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-parameter-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-mistakes,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-related,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-toc ol {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-system-flow {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-arrow {\r\n      min-height: 26px;\r\n      transform: rotate(90deg);\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-list {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  @media (min-width: 414px) and (max-width: 429px) {\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide {\r\n      --ly-page-gap: 17px;\r\n      --ly-section-gap: 47px;\r\n      --ly-body-size: 15.5px;\r\n      --ly-h2-size: 23.5px;\r\n      --ly-h3-size: 18px;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-shell {\r\n      width: calc(100% - 34px);\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-key-points,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-comparison,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-ground-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-decision-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-parameter-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-mistakes,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-related,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-toc ol {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-system-flow {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-arrow {\r\n      min-height: 25px;\r\n      transform: rotate(90deg);\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-list {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  @media (min-width: 390px) and (max-width: 413px) {\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide {\r\n      --ly-page-gap: 16px;\r\n      --ly-section-gap: 46px;\r\n      --ly-body-size: 15.3px;\r\n      --ly-h2-size: 23px;\r\n      --ly-h3-size: 18px;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-shell {\r\n      width: calc(100% - 32px);\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-key-points,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-comparison,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-ground-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-decision-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-parameter-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-mistakes,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-related,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-toc ol {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-system-flow {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-arrow {\r\n      min-height: 24px;\r\n      transform: rotate(90deg);\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-list {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-btn {\r\n      width: 100%;\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  @media (min-width: 375px) and (max-width: 389px) {\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide {\r\n      --ly-page-gap: 15px;\r\n      --ly-section-gap: 45px;\r\n      --ly-body-size: 15.2px;\r\n      --ly-h2-size: 22.5px;\r\n      --ly-h3-size: 17.8px;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-shell {\r\n      width: calc(100% - 30px);\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-key-points,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-comparison,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-ground-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-decision-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-parameter-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-mistakes,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-related,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-toc ol {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-system-flow {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-arrow {\r\n      min-height: 23px;\r\n      transform: rotate(90deg);\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-list {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-btn {\r\n      width: 100%;\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  @media (min-width: 360px) and (max-width: 374px) {\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide {\r\n      --ly-page-gap: 14px;\r\n      --ly-section-gap: 44px;\r\n      --ly-body-size: 15px;\r\n      --ly-h2-size: 22px;\r\n      --ly-h3-size: 17.5px;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-shell {\r\n      width: calc(100% - 28px);\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-key-points,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-comparison,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-ground-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-decision-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-parameter-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-mistakes,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-related,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-toc ol {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-system-flow {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-arrow {\r\n      min-height: 22px;\r\n      transform: rotate(90deg);\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-list {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-btn {\r\n      width: 100%;\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  @media (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 359px) {\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide {\r\n      --ly-page-gap: 12px;\r\n      --ly-section-gap: 42px;\r\n      --ly-body-size: 14.7px;\r\n      --ly-h2-size: 21px;\r\n      --ly-h3-size: 17px;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-shell {\r\n      width: calc(100% - 24px);\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-key-points,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-comparison,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-ground-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-decision-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-parameter-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-mistakes,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-related,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-toc ol {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-system-flow {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-arrow {\r\n      min-height: 21px;\r\n      transform: rotate(90deg);\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-grid,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-list {\r\n      grid-template-columns: 1fr;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-btn {\r\n      width: 100%;\r\n      min-height: 49px;\r\n      padding: 12px 15px;\r\n      font-size: 14px;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-figure {\r\n      margin: 22px 0 25px;\r\n      padding: 7px;\r\n      border-radius: 12px;\r\n    }\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-figure figcaption {\r\n      margin: 10px 2px 2px;\r\n      font-size: 12px;\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n\r\n  \/* Container-aware fixes for WPBakery \/ Impreza content columns *\/\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-shell {\r\n    container-name: ly-bess-content;\r\n    container-type: inline-size;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-section,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-system-flow,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-table-wrap,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-grid,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-actions {\r\n    min-width: 0;\r\n    max-width: 100%;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-table-wrap {\r\n    overflow-x: auto;\r\n    overflow-y: hidden;\r\n    overscroll-behavior-inline: contain;\r\n    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-actions,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-actions .ly-bess-btn {\r\n    width: 100%;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/* Prevent the theme's global link colors from overriding CTA buttons *\/\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-btn-primary,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-btn-primary span,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-btn-primary:visited {\r\n    color: var(--ly-blue-dark) !important;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-btn-secondary,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-btn-secondary span,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-btn-secondary:visited,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-btn-secondary:hover,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-btn-secondary:focus {\r\n    color: #ffffff !important;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-btn-secondary:hover,\r\n  #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-btn-secondary:focus {\r\n    border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72);\r\n    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.16);\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  \/*\r\n   * These breakpoints follow the real article container width.\r\n   * This fixes narrow WPBakery columns even when the browser itself is wide.\r\n   *\/\r\n  @container ly-bess-content (max-width: 900px) {\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-system-flow {\r\n      grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n      gap: 16px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-arrow {\r\n      display: none;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-node {\r\n      padding: 22px 18px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-grid {\r\n      grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);\r\n      gap: 28px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-actions {\r\n      display: grid;\r\n      grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));\r\n      gap: 12px;\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  @container ly-bess-content (max-width: 620px) {\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-system-flow {\r\n      grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);\r\n      gap: 14px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-node {\r\n      padding: 20px 17px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta {\r\n      padding: 28px 24px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-list,\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-actions {\r\n      grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  @container ly-bess-content (max-width: 430px) {\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta {\r\n      padding: 24px 19px;\r\n      border-radius: 17px;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta h2 {\r\n      font-size: 24px;\r\n      line-height: 1.25;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n    #ly-bess-dc-guide .ly-bess-cta-list {\r\n      grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);\r\n      gap: 8px;\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<article id=\"ly-bess-dc-guide\">\r\n  <div class=\"ly-bess-shell\">\r\n\r\n    <header class=\"ly-bess-intro\">\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-kicker\">BESS DC-Side Engineering Guide<\/div>\r\n\r\n      <p class=\"ly-bess-lead\">\r\n        Selecting a <strong>BESS DC SPD<\/strong> is not the same as selecting a solar PV SPD.\r\n        The battery circuit can present different fault-current, grounding and end-of-life\r\n        conditions. The correct device must be selected from the actual battery operating\r\n        envelope, PCS interface, protection modes, prospective short-circuit current and\r\n        installation position\u2014not from the words \u201c1000 V\u201d or \u201c1500 V\u201d alone.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-update\">\r\n        <span>For BESS integrators, PCS suppliers, EPCs and cabinet OEMs<\/span>\r\n        <span>Reviewed against standards published through 2026<\/span>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-review-strip\" aria-label=\"Article review information\">\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-review-item\">\r\n          <small>Published<\/small>\r\n          <strong>July 2026<\/strong>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-review-item\">\r\n          <small>Technical review<\/small>\r\n          <strong>LEEYEE SPD Engineering Team<\/strong>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-review-item\">\r\n          <small>Primary standards<\/small>\r\n          <strong>IEC 61643-41, IEC 61643-01 and IEC 62305<\/strong>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/header>\r\n\r\n    <section class=\"ly-bess-quick\" aria-labelledby=\"ly-quick-answer\">\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-quick-label\" id=\"ly-quick-answer\">Quick Answer<\/div>\r\n\r\n      <p>\r\n        To select a BESS DC SPD, first confirm the <strong>highest continuous battery\r\n        voltage<\/strong>, not only the nominal voltage. Then confirm the DC grounding\r\n        arrangement, required protection modes, expected short-circuit current, backup\r\n        protection, equipment impulse withstand voltage and whether the battery cabinet,\r\n        DC combiner and PCS are located in the same lightning protection zone.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n\r\n      <p>\r\n        For a non-PV battery circuit, request evidence appropriate to\r\n        <strong>IEC 61643-41:2025<\/strong> or another project-approved BESS DC test basis.\r\n        An IEC 61643-31 PV certificate alone does not prove suitability for a battery-fed\r\n        DC circuit.<sup><a href=\"#ly-ref-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><sup><a href=\"#ly-ref-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup>\r\n      <\/p>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-key-points\">\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-key-point\">\r\n          <strong>Voltage<\/strong>\r\n          <span>Use maximum charging and operating voltage, not nominal bus voltage.<\/span>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-key-point\">\r\n          <strong>Protection modes<\/strong>\r\n          <span>Confirm floating, grounded-pole, midpoint or other DC topology.<\/span>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-key-point\">\r\n          <strong>Fault current<\/strong>\r\n          <span>Verify SCCR and the specified DC backup fuse or protective device.<\/span>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-key-point\">\r\n          <strong>Location<\/strong>\r\n          <span>Assess battery cabinet, DC combiner and PCS DC input separately.<\/span>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <details class=\"ly-bess-toc\" open>\r\n      <summary>Contents<\/summary>\r\n      <ol>\r\n        <li><a href=\"#bess-vs-pv\">BESS DC SPD vs PV DC SPD<\/a><\/li>\r\n        <li><a href=\"#bess-standard\">Which standard applies?<\/a><\/li>\r\n        <li><a href=\"#bess-selection-steps\">BESS DC SPD selection steps<\/a><\/li>\r\n        <li><a href=\"#bess-voltage\">How to confirm maximum voltage<\/a><\/li>\r\n        <li><a href=\"#bess-grounding\">Grounding and protection modes<\/a><\/li>\r\n        <li><a href=\"#bess-sccr\">SCCR and backup protection<\/a><\/li>\r\n        <li><a href=\"#bess-type\">Type 1+2 or Type 2<\/a><\/li>\r\n        <li><a href=\"#bess-location\">Battery cabinet and PCS locations<\/a><\/li>\r\n        <li><a href=\"#bess-10m\">Is the 10 m rule universal?<\/a><\/li>\r\n        <li><a href=\"#bess-signal\">BMS and communication protection<\/a><\/li>\r\n        <li><a href=\"#bess-ordering\">BESS DC SPD ordering checklist<\/a><\/li>\r\n        <li><a href=\"#bess-specification\">Turn project data into an SPD specification<\/a><\/li>\r\n        <li><a href=\"#bess-cases\">Three typical BESS selection cases<\/a><\/li>\r\n        <li><a href=\"#bess-evidence\">Supplier evidence checklist<\/a><\/li>\r\n        <li><a href=\"#bess-mistakes\">Common specification mistakes<\/a><\/li>\r\n        <li><a href=\"#bess-faq\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li>\r\n      <\/ol>\r\n    <\/details>\r\n\r\n    <section class=\"ly-bess-section\" id=\"bess-vs-pv\">\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-section-head\">\r\n        <span class=\"ly-bess-eyebrow\">The first decision<\/span>\r\n        <div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/fr\/bess-dc-spd\/#a-bess-dc-spd-is-not-automatically-the-same-as-a-pv-dc-spd\" >A BESS DC SPD is not automatically the same as a PV DC SPD<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/fr\/bess-dc-spd\/#which-spd-standard-applies-to-a-bess-dc-circuit\" >Which SPD standard applies to a BESS DC circuit?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/fr\/bess-dc-spd\/#how-to-select-a-bess-dc-spd\" >How to select a BESS DC SPD<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/fr\/bess-dc-spd\/#do-not-select-the-spd-from-the-nominal-bess-voltage\" >Do not select the SPD from the nominal BESS voltage<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/fr\/bess-dc-spd\/#confirm-the-bess-dc-grounding-arrangement-before-choosing-the-pole-count\" >Confirm the BESS DC grounding arrangement before choosing the pole count<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/fr\/bess-dc-spd\/#sccr-and-backup-protection-are-mandatory-bess-checks\" >SCCR and backup protection are mandatory BESS checks<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/fr\/bess-dc-spd\/#should-the-bess-dc-side-use-type-12-or-type-2-spd\" >Should the BESS DC side use Type 1+2 or Type 2 SPD?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/fr\/bess-dc-spd\/#where-should-the-spd-be-installed-between-the-battery-cabinet-and-pcs\" >Where should the SPD be installed between the battery cabinet and PCS?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/fr\/bess-dc-spd\/#does-every-bess-need-spds-at-both-ends-when-the-cable-exceeds-10-m\" >Does every BESS need SPDs at both ends when the cable exceeds 10 m?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/fr\/bess-dc-spd\/#a-dc-power-spd-does-not-protect-bms-communication-lines\" >A DC power SPD does not protect BMS communication lines<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/fr\/bess-dc-spd\/#bess-dc-spd-ordering-checklist\" >BESS DC SPD ordering checklist<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/fr\/bess-dc-spd\/#turn-the-bess-project-data-into-a-final-spd-specification\" >Turn the BESS project data into a final SPD specification<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/fr\/bess-dc-spd\/#three-typical-bess-dc-spd-selection-cases\" >Three typical BESS DC SPD selection cases<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/fr\/bess-dc-spd\/#what-evidence-should-a-bess-dc-spd-supplier-provide\" >What evidence should a BESS DC SPD supplier provide?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/fr\/bess-dc-spd\/#common-bess-dc-spd-specification-mistakes\" >Common BESS DC SPD specification mistakes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/fr\/bess-dc-spd\/#frequently-asked-questions-about-bess-dc-spd-selection\" >Frequently asked questions about BESS DC SPD selection<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/fr\/bess-dc-spd\/#request-a-bess-dc-spd-application-review\" >Request a BESS DC SPD application review<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/fr\/bess-dc-spd\/#continue-the-bess-protection-review\" >Continue the BESS protection review<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/fr\/bess-dc-spd\/#references\" >References<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"a-bess-dc-spd-is-not-automatically-the-same-as-a-pv-dc-spd\"><\/span>A BESS DC SPD is not automatically the same as a PV DC SPD<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n        <p>\r\n          Both applications may use 1000 V or 1500 V DC equipment, but the voltage label\r\n          does not describe the source behaviour during an SPD fault.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <figure class=\"ly-bess-figure\">\r\n        <img loading=\"lazy\"\r\n          src=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/bess-dc-spd-vs-pv-dc-spd-comparison.webp\"\r\n          alt=\"Comparison of BESS battery DC SPD and solar PV DC SPD selection requirements\"\r\n          width=\"1600\"\r\n          height=\"900\"\r\n          loading=\"lazy\"\r\n          decoding=\"async\"\r\n        >\r\n        <figcaption>\r\n          BESS battery circuits and PV generator circuits can share similar DC voltage classes\r\n          while requiring different source, standard, voltage and fault-current checks.\r\n        <\/figcaption>\r\n      <\/figure>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-comparison\">\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-compare-card ly-bess-compare-card--battery\">\r\n          <span class=\"ly-bess-card-tag\">Battery DC circuit<\/span>\r\n          <h3>BESS battery source<\/h3>\r\n\r\n          <ul class=\"ly-bess-check-list\">\r\n            <li>Can supply high prospective short-circuit current.<\/li>\r\n            <li>Voltage changes with state of charge, cell condition and charging limits.<\/li>\r\n            <li>May use floating, IT, grounded-pole or midpoint configurations.<\/li>\r\n            <li>Requires safe disconnection under battery-fed fault conditions.<\/li>\r\n            <li>Covered by the non-PV DC scope of IEC 61643-41:2025.<\/li>\r\n          <\/ul>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-compare-card ly-bess-compare-card--pv\">\r\n          <span class=\"ly-bess-card-tag\">Photovoltaic DC circuit<\/span>\r\n          <h3>PV generator source<\/h3>\r\n\r\n          <ul class=\"ly-bess-check-list\">\r\n            <li>Current is limited by the PV array characteristics.<\/li>\r\n            <li>Maximum voltage is primarily derived from corrected string Voc.<\/li>\r\n            <li>Product rating is commonly shown as Ucpv.<\/li>\r\n            <li>PV-specific failure and disconnection tests apply.<\/li>\r\n            <li>Covered by IEC 61643-31 and selected under PV-specific guidance.<\/li>\r\n          <\/ul>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-warning\">\r\n        <strong>Do not approve a BESS SPD from its front label alone.<\/strong>\r\n        A product marked \u201c1500 V DC\u201d may still have been designed and tested only for\r\n        photovoltaic generators. Ask which standard, source condition, short-circuit rating,\r\n        backup protection and protection modes are covered by the test evidence.\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-table-wrap\">\r\n        <table>\r\n          <thead>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <th>Selection item<\/th>\r\n              <th>BESS battery side<\/th>\r\n              <th>PV generator side<\/th>\r\n              <th>Buyer implication<\/th>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n          <\/thead>\r\n          <tbody>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Source behaviour<\/td>\r\n              <td>Battery-fed DC source with potentially high prospective fault current<\/td>\r\n              <td>PV source limited by array current-voltage characteristics<\/td>\r\n              <td>Verify the actual source used in the product test and fault study.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Voltage basis<\/td>\r\n              <td>Maximum charging and continuous operating voltage<\/td>\r\n              <td>Temperature-corrected maximum string Voc<\/td>\r\n              <td>Do not select either application from nominal voltage alone.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Common voltage term<\/td>\r\n              <td>Uc, UCDC or declared maximum continuous DC voltage<\/td>\r\n              <td>Ucpv<\/td>\r\n              <td>Check the exact declaration in the supplier datasheet and test report.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Application standard<\/td>\r\n              <td>IEC 61643-41 with IEC 61643-01<\/td>\r\n              <td>IEC 61643-31<\/td>\r\n              <td>A PV-only certificate is not automatic evidence for a battery-fed circuit.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Critical additional check<\/td>\r\n              <td>SCCR, TOV, backup fuse and safe disconnection<\/td>\r\n              <td>PV-specific operating and disconnection behaviour<\/td>\r\n              <td>Ask for the tested protective arrangement, not only In or Imax.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n          <\/tbody>\r\n        <\/table>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section class=\"ly-bess-section\" id=\"bess-standard\">\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-section-head\">\r\n        <span class=\"ly-bess-eyebrow\">Standards boundary<\/span>\r\n        <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"which-spd-standard-applies-to-a-bess-dc-circuit\"><\/span>Which SPD standard applies to a BESS DC circuit?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n        <p>\r\n          The applicable standard depends on the circuit being protected, not merely on\r\n          whether the complete project contains batteries or solar panels.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-good\">\r\n        <strong>IEC 61643-41:2025 is now a published standard.<\/strong>\r\n        It covers SPDs connected to DC power circuits and equipment rated up to 1500 V DC.\r\n        PV applications are explicitly excluded because they remain under IEC 61643-31.\r\n        <sup><a href=\"#ly-ref-1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-table-wrap\">\r\n        <table>\r\n          <thead>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <th>Circuit<\/th>\r\n              <th>Relevant SPD standard<\/th>\r\n              <th>Typical project examples<\/th>\r\n              <th>Buyer check<\/th>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n          <\/thead>\r\n          <tbody>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Battery-fed DC power circuit<\/td>\r\n              <td>IEC 61643-41:2025 with IEC 61643-01:2024<\/td>\r\n              <td>Battery rack output, battery cabinet, DC combiner, PCS DC input<\/td>\r\n              <td>Request BESS\/non-PV DC test evidence and declared fault conditions.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Photovoltaic DC circuit<\/td>\r\n              <td>IEC 61643-31:2018<\/td>\r\n              <td>PV string, combiner box and PV inverter DC input<\/td>\r\n              <td>Confirm Ucpv and PV-specific certificate scope.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>AC side of PCS<\/td>\r\n              <td>IEC 61643-11:2025 with IEC 61643-01<\/td>\r\n              <td>PCS AC output, distribution board and grid connection<\/td>\r\n              <td>Confirm AC voltage, earthing system, Type and protection modes.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Communication and signalling<\/td>\r\n              <td>IEC 61643-21:2025<\/td>\r\n              <td>RS485, CAN, Ethernet, alarm, sensor and monitoring circuits<\/td>\r\n              <td>Match signal voltage, data rate, line arrangement and interface type.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n          <\/tbody>\r\n        <\/table>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-note\">\r\n        <strong>Existing projects may still reference older documents.<\/strong>\r\n        Some specifications, product certificates and application notes were written before\r\n        IEC 61643-41 was published. Do not silently replace the project specification.\r\n        Ask the EPC, PCS manufacturer, certification body or project engineer how the new\r\n        standard is to be applied to the current approval package.\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section class=\"ly-bess-section\" id=\"bess-selection-steps\">\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-section-head\">\r\n        <span class=\"ly-bess-eyebrow\">Selection workflow<\/span>\r\n        <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"how-to-select-a-bess-dc-spd\"><\/span>How to select a BESS DC SPD<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n        <p>\r\n          The selection sequence matters. Starting from Imax or product pole count can lead\r\n          to an SPD that has an impressive surge rating but is incompatible with the actual\r\n          battery circuit.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-process\">\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-step\">\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-step-number\">1<\/div>\r\n          <div>\r\n            <h3>Identify the exact DC protection point<\/h3>\r\n            <p>\r\n              State whether the SPD will be installed at a battery rack output, battery\r\n              cabinet output, DC combiner, DC\/DC converter, main DC bus or PCS DC input.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-step\">\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-step-number\">2<\/div>\r\n          <div>\r\n            <h3>Confirm the maximum continuous voltage<\/h3>\r\n            <p>\r\n              Use the maximum permitted battery charging voltage and actual operating envelope.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-step\">\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-step-number\">3<\/div>\r\n          <div>\r\n            <h3>Confirm grounding and protection modes<\/h3>\r\n            <p>\r\n              Determine whether the DC circuit is floating, IT, positive-grounded,\r\n              negative-grounded, midpoint-grounded or another arrangement.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-step\">\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-step-number\">4<\/div>\r\n          <div>\r\n            <h3>Check equipment withstand voltage and SPD Up<\/h3>\r\n            <p>\r\n              Include connection-lead voltage, not only the Up printed in the datasheet.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-step\">\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-step-number\">5<\/div>\r\n          <div>\r\n            <h3>Verify SCCR and backup protection<\/h3>\r\n            <p>\r\n              Obtain the prospective short-circuit current at the installation point.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-step\">\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-step-number\">6<\/div>\r\n          <div>\r\n            <h3>Select Type 1, Type 1+2 or Type 2 from the risk<\/h3>\r\n            <p>\r\n              Use the lightning risk assessment, LPS, LPZ boundary and cable exposure.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-step\">\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-step-number\">7<\/div>\r\n          <div>\r\n            <h3>Confirm installation, monitoring and maintenance<\/h3>\r\n            <p>\r\n              Check lead length, enclosure, environment, indication, remote contact and service access.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section class=\"ly-bess-section\" id=\"bess-voltage\">\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-section-head\">\r\n        <span class=\"ly-bess-eyebrow\">Voltage selection<\/span>\r\n        <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"do-not-select-the-spd-from-the-nominal-bess-voltage\"><\/span>Do not select the SPD from the nominal BESS voltage<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n        <p>\r\n          A system described commercially as \u201c1000 V BESS\u201d may operate across a wide\r\n          voltage range.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-formula\">\r\n        <h3>Basic maximum-voltage check<\/h3>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-formula-line\">\r\n          Maximum battery voltage = series cell or module quantity \u00d7 maximum permitted charge voltage\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <p>\r\n          Compare this result with the maximum PCS DC input voltage and the system operating limits.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <h3>Example<\/h3>\r\n\r\n      <p>\r\n        Assume a battery string contains 14 series modules. The nominal module voltage is\r\n        64 V, but the maximum permitted charging voltage is 72 V.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-formula-line\">\r\n        Nominal voltage: 14 \u00d7 64 V = 896 V DC<br>\r\n        Maximum charging voltage: 14 \u00d7 72 V = 1008 V DC\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-note\">\r\n        <strong>Do not add an arbitrary percentage without checking Up.<\/strong>\r\n        A higher Uc can improve immunity to continuous operating voltage, but it can also\r\n        increase the SPD protection level. The selected value must survive the real operating\r\n        envelope while keeping the installed protection level below the equipment withstand level.\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-table-wrap\">\r\n        <table>\r\n          <thead>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <th>Voltage data<\/th>\r\n              <th>Where to obtain it<\/th>\r\n              <th>How it affects SPD selection<\/th>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n          <\/thead>\r\n          <tbody>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Nominal battery voltage<\/td>\r\n              <td>Battery system specification<\/td>\r\n              <td>Identifies the voltage class but is not the final Uc input.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Maximum cell or module charge voltage<\/td>\r\n              <td>Battery manufacturer data<\/td>\r\n              <td>Used with the series quantity to calculate maximum string voltage.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>PCS maximum DC input voltage<\/td>\r\n              <td>PCS datasheet and manual<\/td>\r\n              <td>Confirms the converter interface and absolute operating limit.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Voltage to earth by protection mode<\/td>\r\n              <td>Single-line diagram and grounding study<\/td>\r\n              <td>Determines continuous stress across +\/PE, \u2212\/PE and +\/\u2212 paths.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>TOV or abnormal operating condition<\/td>\r\n              <td>System fault and insulation study<\/td>\r\n              <td>Checks whether the SPD can remain stable during non-surge overvoltage.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n          <\/tbody>\r\n        <\/table>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section class=\"ly-bess-section\" id=\"bess-grounding\">\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-section-head\">\r\n        <span class=\"ly-bess-eyebrow\">Poles and protection modes<\/span>\r\n        <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"confirm-the-bess-dc-grounding-arrangement-before-choosing-the-pole-count\"><\/span>Confirm the BESS DC grounding arrangement before choosing the pole count<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n        <p>\r\n          The correct number and arrangement of protective components depend on the voltage\r\n          between positive, negative and protective earth under normal and fault conditions.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-ground-grid\">\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-ground-card\">\r\n          <span class=\"ly-bess-ground-code\">IT<\/span>\r\n          <h3>Floating or IT DC system<\/h3>\r\n          <p>\r\n            Neither pole is intentionally solidly connected to earth. Review both pole-to-earth\r\n            paths and first-earth-fault conditions.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-ground-card\">\r\n          <span class=\"ly-bess-ground-code\">\u00b1\/PE<\/span>\r\n          <h3>Grounded-pole system<\/h3>\r\n          <p>\r\n            One pole is intentionally referenced to earth. The required protection paths differ\r\n            from a floating system.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-ground-card\">\r\n          <span class=\"ly-bess-ground-code\">MID<\/span>\r\n          <h3>Midpoint or special topology<\/h3>\r\n          <p>\r\n            A midpoint, split bus, DC\/DC stage or PCS internal topology can change the voltage\r\n            appearing across each SPD component.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-warning\">\r\n        <strong>Incorrect protection modes can place continuous voltage across the SPD.<\/strong>\r\n        The supplier should receive the single-line diagram\u2014not only the words \u201c2P, 1500 V DC.\u201d\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-table-wrap\">\r\n        <table>\r\n          <thead>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <th>Grounding question<\/th>\r\n              <th>Information required<\/th>\r\n              <th>Why it changes the SPD<\/th>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n          <\/thead>\r\n          <tbody>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Is the battery bus isolated from earth?<\/td>\r\n              <td>Floating, IT or monitored through an insulation monitoring device<\/td>\r\n              <td>Changes normal and first-fault voltage across pole-to-earth paths.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Is one pole intentionally grounded?<\/td>\r\n              <td>Positive, negative or no solid pole grounding<\/td>\r\n              <td>Changes the required protection modes and their continuous voltage.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Is a midpoint grounded?<\/td>\r\n              <td>Midpoint connection and permitted imbalance<\/td>\r\n              <td>Changes pole-to-earth stress and component arrangement.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>What happens after the first earth fault?<\/td>\r\n              <td>Alarm, continued operation or immediate shutdown<\/td>\r\n              <td>Determines temporary voltage stress on the healthy pole.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Is the PCS galvanically isolated?<\/td>\r\n              <td>Converter and transformer isolation arrangement<\/td>\r\n              <td>Can change the effective DC system and fault path.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n          <\/tbody>\r\n        <\/table>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section class=\"ly-bess-section\" id=\"bess-sccr\">\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-section-head\">\r\n        <span class=\"ly-bess-eyebrow\">Battery fault conditions<\/span>\r\n        <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"sccr-and-backup-protection-are-mandatory-bess-checks\"><\/span>SCCR and backup protection are mandatory BESS checks<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n        <p>\r\n          A battery bank can deliver substantial fault current. Review the SPD as part of a\r\n          complete protected branch.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-parameter-grid\">\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-parameter-card\">\r\n          <strong>Prospective short-circuit current<\/strong>\r\n          <span>Available DC fault current at the actual installation point.<\/span>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-parameter-card\">\r\n          <strong>SPD short-circuit rating<\/strong>\r\n          <span>Declared SCCR or equivalent rating under the specified test arrangement.<\/span>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-parameter-card\">\r\n          <strong>Backup protective device<\/strong>\r\n          <span>Required DC fuse, rated voltage, current and breaking capacity.<\/span>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-parameter-card\">\r\n          <strong>Parallel battery contribution<\/strong>\r\n          <span>Combined contribution from other racks or DC branches.<\/span>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-parameter-card\">\r\n          <strong>PCS contribution<\/strong>\r\n          <span>Possible current contribution through converter capacitors.<\/span>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-parameter-card\">\r\n          <strong>Disconnect coordination<\/strong>\r\n          <span>How the SPD disconnector and upstream protection operate together.<\/span>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-good\">\r\n        <strong>The correct question is not \u201cHow many kA is the SPD?\u201d<\/strong>\r\n        In, Imax and Iimp describe surge-current performance. They do not replace the\r\n        battery short-circuit and backup-protection review.\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-table-wrap\">\r\n        <table>\r\n          <thead>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <th>Parameter<\/th>\r\n              <th>What it describes<\/th>\r\n              <th>What it does not prove<\/th>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n          <\/thead>\r\n          <tbody>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>In<\/td>\r\n              <td>Nominal discharge current under the specified impulse waveform<\/td>\r\n              <td>Safe interruption of a high battery-fed power-frequency fault.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Imax<\/td>\r\n              <td>Maximum Type 2 discharge-current test value<\/td>\r\n              <td>Suitability for every BESS exposure level or grounding system.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Iimp<\/td>\r\n              <td>Type 1 lightning impulse-current capability<\/td>\r\n              <td>Adequate Uc, Up, SCCR or backup fuse coordination.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Up<\/td>\r\n              <td>Voltage protection level during the declared surge test<\/td>\r\n              <td>The final voltage at the PCS after connection-lead inductance.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>SCCR \/ Isccr<\/td>\r\n              <td>Declared short-circuit performance under specified conditions<\/td>\r\n              <td>Suitability when the project fault current or backup fuse differs.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n          <\/tbody>\r\n        <\/table>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section class=\"ly-bess-section\" id=\"bess-type\">\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-section-head\">\r\n        <span class=\"ly-bess-eyebrow\">Surge category<\/span>\r\n        <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"should-the-bess-dc-side-use-type-12-or-type-2-spd\"><\/span>Should the BESS DC side use Type 1+2 or Type 2 SPD?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n        <p>\r\n          The answer depends on the lightning protection concept and LPZ transition.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-decision-grid\">\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-decision-card ly-bess-decision-card--type1\">\r\n          <h3>Assess Type 1 or Type 1+2 when<\/h3>\r\n          <ul>\r\n            <li>Partial lightning current can enter the DC circuit.<\/li>\r\n            <li>The line crosses from an exposed protection zone.<\/li>\r\n            <li>An external LPS is present and separation cannot be maintained.<\/li>\r\n            <li>The project risk assessment requires lightning-current capability.<\/li>\r\n          <\/ul>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-decision-card ly-bess-decision-card--type2\">\r\n          <h3>Type 2 may be appropriate when<\/h3>\r\n          <ul>\r\n            <li>The circuit is within a protected LPZ.<\/li>\r\n            <li>Only induced and switching surges are expected.<\/li>\r\n            <li>The cable is routed within an appropriately protected area.<\/li>\r\n            <li>The project specification supports Type 2.<\/li>\r\n          <\/ul>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section class=\"ly-bess-section\" id=\"bess-location\">\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-section-head\">\r\n        <span class=\"ly-bess-eyebrow\">Installation architecture<\/span>\r\n        <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"where-should-the-spd-be-installed-between-the-battery-cabinet-and-pcs\"><\/span>Where should the SPD be installed between the battery cabinet and PCS?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n        <p>\r\n          Protect the equipment terminal and the zone boundary where the surge enters.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <figure class=\"ly-bess-figure\">\r\n        <img loading=\"lazy\"\r\n          src=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/bess-dc-spd-installation-architecture.webp\"\r\n          alt=\"BESS DC SPD installation positions between battery racks, DC combiner and PCS\"\r\n          width=\"1600\"\r\n          height=\"900\"\r\n          loading=\"lazy\"\r\n          decoding=\"async\"\r\n        >\r\n        <figcaption>\r\n          Typical BESS DC SPD assessment positions from battery racks and battery cabinets\r\n          through the DC combiner to the PCS DC input.\r\n        <\/figcaption>\r\n      <\/figure>\r\n\r\n      <p class=\"ly-bess-flow-caption\">\r\n        Simplified selection map. This is not a wiring diagram and does not replace the\r\n        project single-line diagram.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-system-flow\">\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-node\">\r\n          <strong>Battery racks<\/strong>\r\n          <span>Cells, modules, rack BMS and branch protection<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ly-bess-spd-marker\">Assess rack output<\/span>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-arrow\">\u2192<\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-node\">\r\n          <strong>Battery cabinet<\/strong>\r\n          <span>Main cabinet terminals, switch and fuse<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ly-bess-spd-marker\">SPD position A<\/span>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-arrow\">\u2192<\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-node\">\r\n          <strong>DC combiner \/ bus<\/strong>\r\n          <span>Multiple rack feeders and main DC collection<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ly-bess-spd-marker\">Assess collection point<\/span>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-arrow\">\u2192<\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-node\">\r\n          <strong>PCS DC input<\/strong>\r\n          <span>Power electronics and DC-link interface<\/span>\r\n          <span class=\"ly-bess-spd-marker\">SPD position B<\/span>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-table-wrap\">\r\n        <table>\r\n          <thead>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <th>System arrangement<\/th>\r\n              <th>Possible SPD locations<\/th>\r\n              <th>Important checks<\/th>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n          <\/thead>\r\n          <tbody>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Battery and PCS in one integrated cabinet<\/td>\r\n              <td>Near the protected PCS or designated DC distribution point<\/td>\r\n              <td>Internal layout, lead length and cabinet withstand.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Battery and PCS in adjacent cabinets<\/td>\r\n              <td>Battery output, PCS input or both after coordination review<\/td>\r\n              <td>Cable route, common earth and equipment Up\/Uw coordination.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Battery and PCS in separate containers<\/td>\r\n              <td>Normally assess both ends of the interconnecting DC cable<\/td>\r\n              <td>LPS, underground or exposed route, shielding and earthing.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Multiple racks through DC combiner<\/td>\r\n              <td>Rack feeder, combiner main bus and\/or PCS input<\/td>\r\n              <td>Parallel current contribution and SPD coordination.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n          <\/tbody>\r\n        <\/table>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section class=\"ly-bess-section\" id=\"bess-10m\">\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-section-head\">\r\n        <span class=\"ly-bess-eyebrow\">Cable length<\/span>\r\n        <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"does-every-bess-need-spds-at-both-ends-when-the-cable-exceeds-10-m\"><\/span>Does every BESS need SPDs at both ends when the cable exceeds 10 m?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n        <p>\r\n          No universal BESS rule should be reduced to cable length alone. The commonly quoted\r\n          distance is meaningful only together with the protection zone, cable route, bonding\r\n          arrangement and the withstand level of the remote equipment.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <p>\r\n        Application guidance may allow one SPD in a particular arrangement where the battery\r\n        and PCS share a bonded earthing system and the interconnecting cable remains inside an\r\n        appropriately protected route. That conditional example must not be converted into a\r\n        universal rule for all BESS containers and outdoor cables.<sup><a href=\"#ly-ref-8\">[8]<\/a><\/sup>\r\n      <\/p>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-warning\">\r\n        <strong>\u201cUnder 10 m = one SPD\u201d is not a universal rule.<\/strong>\r\n        A short exposed cable between separately earthed containers can present a greater risk\r\n        than a longer protected cable inside one bonded structure.\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-table-wrap\">\r\n        <table>\r\n          <thead>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <th>Decision question<\/th>\r\n              <th>Why it matters<\/th>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n          <\/thead>\r\n          <tbody>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Does the cable cross an LPZ boundary?<\/td>\r\n              <td>Determines where surge current can enter and where an SPD should be coordinated.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Is the cable above ground, underground or in metal containment?<\/td>\r\n              <td>Changes exposure to lightning electromagnetic coupling.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Do both structures share a common bonded earthing system?<\/td>\r\n              <td>Potential differences can drive surge current through the DC connection.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>What is the PCS and battery terminal Uw?<\/td>\r\n              <td>Determines whether the residual voltage at the remote end remains acceptable.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Can both SPDs be installed with short leads?<\/td>\r\n              <td>Long leads add inductive voltage and can defeat an otherwise suitable Up.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n          <\/tbody>\r\n        <\/table>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section class=\"ly-bess-section\" id=\"bess-signal\">\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-section-head\">\r\n        <span class=\"ly-bess-eyebrow\">BMS and control circuits<\/span>\r\n        <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"a-dc-power-spd-does-not-protect-bms-communication-lines\"><\/span>A DC power SPD does not protect BMS communication lines<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n        <p>\r\n          BESS availability depends on communication between battery racks, BMS, PCS, EMS,\r\n          fire systems and remote monitoring equipment.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-parameter-grid\">\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-parameter-card\">\r\n          <strong>RS485 \/ Modbus RTU<\/strong>\r\n          <span>Confirm signal voltage, conductor pairs, data rate and shielding.<\/span>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-parameter-card\">\r\n          <strong>CAN bus<\/strong>\r\n          <span>Match bus voltage, capacitance, data rate and connector arrangement.<\/span>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-parameter-card\">\r\n          <strong>Ethernet \/ PoE<\/strong>\r\n          <span>Confirm category, shielding, PoE level and cable exposure.<\/span>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-parameter-card\">\r\n          <strong>Digital I\/O<\/strong>\r\n          <span>Match the control voltage, current and common reference.<\/span>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-parameter-card\">\r\n          <strong>Analogue sensors<\/strong>\r\n          <span>Check 4\u201320 mA, voltage signals and permissible series impedance.<\/span>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-parameter-card\">\r\n          <strong>Remote alarm contact<\/strong>\r\n          <span>Protect the external circuit separately from the SPD status contact.<\/span>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section class=\"ly-bess-section\" id=\"bess-ordering\">\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-section-head\">\r\n        <span class=\"ly-bess-eyebrow\">Project procurement<\/span>\r\n        <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"bess-dc-spd-ordering-checklist\"><\/span>BESS DC SPD ordering checklist<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n        <p>\r\n          \u201c1500 V, 40 kA, 2P\u201d is not enough for a responsible BESS recommendation.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <figure class=\"ly-bess-figure\">\r\n        <img loading=\"lazy\"\r\n          src=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/bess-dc-spd-oem-ordering-checklist.webp\"\r\n          alt=\"BESS DC SPD project and OEM ordering parameter checklist\"\r\n          width=\"1600\"\r\n          height=\"900\"\r\n          loading=\"lazy\"\r\n          decoding=\"async\"\r\n        >\r\n        <figcaption>\r\n          Core project parameters to confirm before requesting a BESS DC SPD model,\r\n          technical recommendation or OEM quotation.\r\n        <\/figcaption>\r\n      <\/figure>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-table-wrap\">\r\n        <table>\r\n          <thead>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <th>Parameter<\/th>\r\n              <th>Information to provide<\/th>\r\n              <th>Why the supplier needs it<\/th>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n          <\/thead>\r\n          <tbody>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Application point<\/td>\r\n              <td>Battery rack, cabinet, combiner, DC bus, DC\/DC converter or PCS input<\/td>\r\n              <td>Defines the source and protected equipment.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Nominal DC voltage<\/td>\r\n              <td>Normal rated battery-system voltage<\/td>\r\n              <td>Identifies the general voltage class.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Maximum charging voltage<\/td>\r\n              <td>Highest permitted continuous battery voltage<\/td>\r\n              <td>Primary input for Uc or UCDC selection.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Battery configuration<\/td>\r\n              <td>Cell\/module type and series\/parallel quantity<\/td>\r\n              <td>Allows verification of the operating envelope.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>PCS DC input range<\/td>\r\n              <td>Minimum, nominal and maximum DC input voltage<\/td>\r\n              <td>Confirms interface compatibility.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>DC grounding system<\/td>\r\n              <td>Floating, IT, positive grounded, negative grounded or midpoint grounded<\/td>\r\n              <td>Determines protection modes and voltage stress.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Prospective fault current<\/td>\r\n              <td>Calculated DC short-circuit current at the SPD point<\/td>\r\n              <td>Required for SCCR and backup-device verification.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Existing branch protection<\/td>\r\n              <td>Fuse or breaker type, voltage, current and breaking capacity<\/td>\r\n              <td>Checks coordination with the SPD instructions.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Equipment Uw<\/td>\r\n              <td>Impulse withstand voltage of battery, BMS, combiner and PCS terminals<\/td>\r\n              <td>Verifies that the installed protection level is adequate.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Cable distance and route<\/td>\r\n              <td>Length, above\/underground route, shielding and containment<\/td>\r\n              <td>Supports placement and coordination decisions.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Environmental conditions<\/td>\r\n              <td>Temperature, altitude, humidity, salt, vibration and pollution degree<\/td>\r\n              <td>Affects insulation, derating and enclosure design.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>OEM requirements<\/td>\r\n              <td>Logo, label, part number, packaging and documentation<\/td>\r\n              <td>Allows accurate commercial and production review.<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n          <\/tbody>\r\n        <\/table>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-good\">\r\n        <strong>Best enquiry format<\/strong>\r\n        Attach the BESS single-line diagram, battery maximum-voltage data, PCS manual,\r\n        fault-current calculation, cabinet layout and required certification list.\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section class=\"ly-bess-section\" id=\"bess-specification\">\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-section-head\">\r\n        <span class=\"ly-bess-eyebrow\">Engineering output<\/span>\r\n        <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"turn-the-bess-project-data-into-a-final-spd-specification\"><\/span>Turn the BESS project data into a final SPD specification<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n        <p>\r\n          The enquiry data should lead to a defined technical output. Without this conversion,\r\n          the buyer receives a list of questions but still cannot compare suppliers on the same basis.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-table-wrap\">\r\n        <table>\r\n          <thead>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <th>Project input<\/th>\r\n              <th>Engineering decision<\/th>\r\n              <th>Final SPD specification field<\/th>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n          <\/thead>\r\n          <tbody>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Maximum charging voltage and voltage-to-earth<\/td>\r\n              <td>Select a continuous voltage rating that remains stable in every required mode<\/td>\r\n              <td>Uc \/ UCDC per protection mode<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Floating, grounded-pole or midpoint topology<\/td>\r\n              <td>Define the paths that require surge limitation<\/td>\r\n              <td>+\/PE, \u2212\/PE, +\/\u2212 and module arrangement<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Battery, PCS and combiner impulse withstand voltage<\/td>\r\n              <td>Set the maximum acceptable installed residual voltage<\/td>\r\n              <td>Up per protection mode plus lead-length requirement<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>LPS, LPZ and cable exposure<\/td>\r\n              <td>Determine the expected surge class and energy duty<\/td>\r\n              <td>Type 1, Type 1+2 or Type 2; Iimp, In and Imax<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Prospective battery short-circuit current<\/td>\r\n              <td>Check safe disconnection under the actual source condition<\/td>\r\n              <td>SCCR \/ Isccr and approved backup fuse<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Battery-to-PCS layout and cable route<\/td>\r\n              <td>Decide whether one or both cable ends require coordinated protection<\/td>\r\n              <td>Installation point A, point B or coordinated two-stage arrangement<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Maintenance and monitoring requirements<\/td>\r\n              <td>Define service and remote-status functions<\/td>\r\n              <td>Pluggable module, visual indicator and remote contact<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n            <tr>\r\n              <td>Project market and approval list<\/td>\r\n              <td>Confirm acceptable test and documentation scope<\/td>\r\n              <td>Applicable IEC\/EN\/UL evidence, reports and declarations<\/td>\r\n            <\/tr>\r\n          <\/tbody>\r\n        <\/table>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-output-box\">\r\n        <h3>Minimum final specification sheet<\/h3>\r\n        <p>\r\n          Use the following fields when comparing quotations. A supplier should not replace\r\n          any missing item with a generic product brochure.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-output-grid\">\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-output-item\"><small>Application<\/small><strong>Battery cabinet, DC combiner or PCS input<\/strong><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-output-item\"><small>Standard basis<\/small><strong>Applicable BESS \/ non-PV DC test scope<\/strong><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-output-item\"><small>Voltage<\/small><strong>Uc \/ UCDC for each protection mode<\/strong><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-output-item\"><small>Topology<\/small><strong>Protection modes and module arrangement<\/strong><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-output-item\"><small>Surge duty<\/small><strong>Type, Iimp, In and Imax<\/strong><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-output-item\"><small>Protection<\/small><strong>Up and maximum connection length<\/strong><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-output-item\"><small>Fault condition<\/small><strong>SCCR \/ Isccr and approved backup device<\/strong><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-output-item\"><small>Installation<\/small><strong>Exact cabinet position and conductor size<\/strong><\/div>\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-output-item\"><small>Operation<\/small><strong>Indicator, remote contact and replacement method<\/strong><\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section class=\"ly-bess-section\" id=\"bess-cases\">\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-section-head\">\r\n        <span class=\"ly-bess-eyebrow\">Application examples<\/span>\r\n        <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"three-typical-bess-dc-spd-selection-cases\"><\/span>Three typical BESS DC SPD selection cases<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n        <p>\r\n          These examples show the decision path rather than prescribing a universal model.\r\n          Final values must come from the real battery, PCS and project documentation.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-cases\">\r\n        <article class=\"ly-bess-case\">\r\n          <span class=\"ly-bess-case-number\">Case 1<\/span>\r\n          <h3>Integrated battery and PCS cabinet<\/h3>\r\n          <dl>\r\n            <dt>Project condition<\/dt>\r\n            <dd>Battery and PCS share one bonded enclosure with short internal DC conductors.<\/dd>\r\n            <dt>Main review<\/dt>\r\n            <dd>Maximum battery voltage, grounding topology, PCS Uw, internal lead length and fault current.<\/dd>\r\n            <dt>Likely decision path<\/dt>\r\n            <dd>Assess one coordinated SPD position close to the protected PCS\/DC distribution interface, subject to the cabinet design.<\/dd>\r\n          <\/dl>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"ly-bess-case\">\r\n          <span class=\"ly-bess-case-number\">Case 2<\/span>\r\n          <h3>Battery container separated from PCS<\/h3>\r\n          <dl>\r\n            <dt>Project condition<\/dt>\r\n            <dd>Outdoor DC cable connects two cabinets or containers and may cross an LPZ boundary.<\/dd>\r\n            <dt>Main review<\/dt>\r\n            <dd>LPS, cable route, common bonding, remote equipment Uw, conductor exposure and both terminal locations.<\/dd>\r\n            <dt>Likely decision path<\/dt>\r\n            <dd>Assess coordinated protection at both the battery output and PCS input rather than applying cable length alone.<\/dd>\r\n          <\/dl>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n\r\n        <article class=\"ly-bess-case\">\r\n          <span class=\"ly-bess-case-number\">Case 3<\/span>\r\n          <h3>Multiple battery racks through a DC combiner<\/h3>\r\n          <dl>\r\n            <dt>Project condition<\/dt>\r\n            <dd>Several parallel rack feeders enter a common DC combiner before the PCS.<\/dd>\r\n            <dt>Main review<\/dt>\r\n            <dd>Parallel fault-current contribution, feeder protection, main-bus SCCR, combiner location and PCS coordination.<\/dd>\r\n            <dt>Likely decision path<\/dt>\r\n            <dd>Assess branch, combiner and PCS protection as one coordinated system; do not select the SPD from Imax alone.<\/dd>\r\n          <\/dl>\r\n        <\/article>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section class=\"ly-bess-section\" id=\"bess-evidence\">\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-section-head\">\r\n        <span class=\"ly-bess-eyebrow\">Supplier qualification<\/span>\r\n        <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"what-evidence-should-a-bess-dc-spd-supplier-provide\"><\/span>What evidence should a BESS DC SPD supplier provide?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n        <p>\r\n          A supplier statement such as \u201csuitable for 1500 V BESS\u201d is not sufficient by itself.\r\n          The buyer should verify the scope and conditions behind the claim.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <ul class=\"ly-bess-evidence-list\">\r\n        <li><strong>Applicable test standard<\/strong><span>Report or certificate scope identifying the non-PV DC or BESS application basis.<\/span><\/li>\r\n        <li><strong>Declared Uc \/ UCDC<\/strong><span>Continuous voltage rating for each required protection mode, not only total system voltage.<\/span><\/li>\r\n        <li><strong>Protection-mode Up<\/strong><span>Voltage protection level for the actual +\/PE, \u2212\/PE and\/or +\/\u2212 arrangement.<\/span><\/li>\r\n        <li><strong>SCCR \/ Isccr conditions<\/strong><span>Declared short-circuit rating and the tested or approved backup protective device.<\/span><\/li>\r\n        <li><strong>Backup fuse instructions<\/strong><span>Fuse class, rated voltage, current, breaking capacity and maximum permitted value.<\/span><\/li>\r\n        <li><strong>Connection diagram<\/strong><span>Correct wiring for the project grounding system and module arrangement.<\/span><\/li>\r\n        <li><strong>Environmental ratings<\/strong><span>Temperature, altitude, enclosure, pollution, vibration and other relevant limits.<\/span><\/li>\r\n        <li><strong>Production consistency<\/strong><span>Traceability, incoming component control, routine inspection and change-control process.<\/span><\/li>\r\n        <li><strong>Monitoring information<\/strong><span>Indicator state, remote-contact rating and replacement or maintenance instructions.<\/span><\/li>\r\n        <li><strong>Document consistency<\/strong><span>Product label, datasheet, test report, quotation and packaging must describe the same model.<\/span><\/li>\r\n      <\/ul>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-warning\">\r\n        <strong>Do not present a PV certificate as a BESS certificate.<\/strong>\r\n        If a supplier has not yet completed BESS-specific evidence, that limitation should be\r\n        stated clearly. Technical honesty protects the buyer and creates a more credible long-term supplier relationship.\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section class=\"ly-bess-section\" id=\"bess-mistakes\">\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-section-head\">\r\n        <span class=\"ly-bess-eyebrow\">Specification review<\/span>\r\n        <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"common-bess-dc-spd-specification-mistakes\"><\/span>Common BESS DC SPD specification mistakes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-mistakes\">\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-mistake\">\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-mistake-icon\">\u00d7<\/div>\r\n          <div>\r\n            <strong>Selecting from nominal voltage<\/strong>\r\n            <span>Ignoring the maximum charging voltage and protection-mode stress.<\/span>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-mistake\">\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-mistake-icon\">\u00d7<\/div>\r\n          <div>\r\n            <strong>Using a PV certificate as BESS proof<\/strong>\r\n            <span>PV certification does not automatically cover battery storage circuits.<\/span>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-mistake\">\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-mistake-icon\">\u00d7<\/div>\r\n          <div>\r\n            <strong>Ordering only by pole count<\/strong>\r\n            <span>Protection modes must follow the real DC grounding design.<\/span>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-mistake\">\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-mistake-icon\">\u00d7<\/div>\r\n          <div>\r\n            <strong>Looking only at Imax<\/strong>\r\n            <span>Imax does not replace Uc, Up, SCCR or backup-fuse verification.<\/span>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-mistake\">\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-mistake-icon\">\u00d7<\/div>\r\n          <div>\r\n            <strong>Applying the 10 m rule blindly<\/strong>\r\n            <span>Cable route, LPZ, bonding and structure separation can matter more.<\/span>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-mistake\">\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-mistake-icon\">\u00d7<\/div>\r\n          <div>\r\n            <strong>Protecting only the DC power cable<\/strong>\r\n            <span>BMS, RS485, CAN, Ethernet and sensor lines require separate assessment.<\/span>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section class=\"ly-bess-section\" id=\"bess-faq\">\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-section-head\">\r\n        <span class=\"ly-bess-eyebrow\">FAQ<\/span>\r\n        <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"frequently-asked-questions-about-bess-dc-spd-selection\"><\/span>Frequently asked questions about BESS DC SPD selection<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-faq\">\r\n        <details>\r\n          <summary>Can a PV DC SPD be used on the battery side of a BESS?<\/summary>\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-faq-answer\">\r\n            <p>\r\n              Not automatically. The supplier must provide evidence that the product is suitable\r\n              for the battery circuit voltage, source, short-circuit current and protection modes.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/details>\r\n\r\n        <details>\r\n          <summary>Should a BESS specification use Uc or Ucpv?<\/summary>\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-faq-answer\">\r\n            <p>\r\n              Ucpv is the PV-specific designation. For a non-PV BESS battery circuit, use the\r\n              manufacturer\u2019s declared maximum continuous DC rating, commonly shown as Uc or UCDC.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/details>\r\n\r\n        <details>\r\n          <summary>Can I select a 1000 V SPD for a nominal 1000 V BESS?<\/summary>\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-faq-answer\">\r\n            <p>\r\n              Not from nominal voltage alone. Calculate the maximum battery charging voltage\r\n              and confirm the continuous voltage across each protection mode.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/details>\r\n\r\n        <details>\r\n          <summary>Should an SPD be installed at both the battery and PCS?<\/summary>\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-faq-answer\">\r\n            <p>\r\n              Both ends should be assessed when the battery and PCS are in separate cabinets,\r\n              containers, buildings or protection zones.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/details>\r\n\r\n        <details>\r\n          <summary>Do BMS communication lines need separate surge protection?<\/summary>\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-faq-answer\">\r\n            <p>\r\n              Yes, when the risk assessment identifies exposure. A DC power SPD does not\r\n              protect RS485, CAN, Ethernet, sensor or control interfaces.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/details>\r\n\r\n        <details>\r\n          <summary>Can a higher Uc always be used for extra safety?<\/summary>\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-faq-answer\">\r\n            <p>\r\n              No. A higher continuous voltage rating may reduce unwanted operation, but it can\r\n              also increase Up. The selected SPD must remain stable at the maximum operating\r\n              voltage while still protecting the PCS and battery insulation.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/details>\r\n\r\n        <details>\r\n          <summary>Is SCCR the same as Imax?<\/summary>\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-faq-answer\">\r\n            <p>\r\n              No. Imax is an impulse discharge-current parameter. SCCR or Isccr concerns the\r\n              product\u2019s declared behaviour under a power-source short-circuit condition and\r\n              normally depends on an approved backup protective device.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/details>\r\n\r\n        <details>\r\n          <summary>What documents should be attached to a BESS DC SPD enquiry?<\/summary>\r\n          <div class=\"ly-bess-faq-answer\">\r\n            <p>\r\n              Attach the single-line diagram, battery maximum-voltage data, PCS manual,\r\n              grounding information, prospective fault-current value, cabinet layout, cable\r\n              route, required standards and OEM documentation requirements.\r\n            <\/p>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        <\/details>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section class=\"ly-bess-cta\" aria-labelledby=\"ly-bess-cta-title\">\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-cta-grid\">\r\n        <div>\r\n          <h2 id=\"ly-bess-cta-title\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"request-a-bess-dc-spd-application-review\"><\/span>Request a BESS DC SPD application review<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n          <p>\r\n            Send the project conditions so the voltage, protection modes, fault current,\r\n            backup protection and installation position can be reviewed before a model is recommended.\r\n          <\/p>\r\n\r\n          <ul class=\"ly-bess-cta-list\">\r\n            <li>Battery maximum voltage<\/li>\r\n            <li>PCS DC input range<\/li>\r\n            <li>DC grounding topology<\/li>\r\n            <li>Prospective fault current<\/li>\r\n            <li>Single-line diagram<\/li>\r\n            <li>Cabinet and cable layout<\/li>\r\n            <li>Required SPD standard<\/li>\r\n            <li>OEM and document needs<\/li>\r\n          <\/ul>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"ly-bess-cta-actions\">\r\n          <a\r\n            href=\"javascript:void(0);\"\r\n            class=\"ly-bess-btn ly-bess-btn-primary leeyee-site-popup-btn\"\r\n            aria-label=\"Request BESS DC SPD Selection Review\"\r\n          >\r\n            <span>Request Selection Review<\/span>\r\n          <\/a>\r\n\r\n          <a\r\n            href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/contact\/\"\r\n            target=\"_blank\"\r\n            rel=\"noopener\"\r\n            class=\"ly-bess-btn ly-bess-btn-secondary\"\r\n          >\r\n            <span>Send Project Details<\/span>\r\n          <\/a>\r\n        <\/div>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section class=\"ly-bess-section\" id=\"bess-related\">\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-section-head\">\r\n        <span class=\"ly-bess-eyebrow\">Related engineering guides<\/span>\r\n        <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"continue-the-bess-protection-review\"><\/span>Continue the BESS protection review<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-related\">\r\n        <a\r\n          class=\"ly-bess-related-card\"\r\n          href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/bess-surge-protection\/\"\r\n          target=\"_blank\"\r\n          rel=\"noopener\"\r\n        >\r\n          <small>System guide<\/small>\r\n          <strong>BESS Surge Protection Guide<\/strong>\r\n          <span>Review AC, DC, communication and whole-system surge protection.<\/span>\r\n        <\/a>\r\n\r\n        <a\r\n          class=\"ly-bess-related-card\"\r\n          href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/spd-up-voltage-protection-level\/\"\r\n          target=\"_blank\"\r\n          rel=\"noopener\"\r\n        >\r\n          <small>Protection level<\/small>\r\n          <strong>SPD Up Selection Guide<\/strong>\r\n          <span>Understand Up, equipment withstand voltage and installed protection.<\/span>\r\n        <\/a>\r\n\r\n        <a\r\n          class=\"ly-bess-related-card\"\r\n          href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/rs485-spd-guide\/\"\r\n          target=\"_blank\"\r\n          rel=\"noopener\"\r\n        >\r\n          <small>Signal protection<\/small>\r\n          <strong>RS485 SPD Selection Guide<\/strong>\r\n          <span>Select protection for BMS, PLC and industrial communication lines.<\/span>\r\n        <\/a>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section class=\"ly-bess-section\" id=\"bess-references\">\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-section-head\">\r\n        <span class=\"ly-bess-eyebrow\">Authoritative sources<\/span>\r\n        <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"references\"><\/span>References<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <ol class=\"ly-bess-references\">\r\n        <li id=\"ly-ref-1\">\r\n          International Electrotechnical Commission,\r\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/27917\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\r\n            IEC 61643-41:2025 \u2014 Surge protective devices connected to DC low-voltage power systems\r\n          <\/a>.\r\n        <\/li>\r\n        <li id=\"ly-ref-2\">\r\n          International Electrotechnical Commission,\r\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/26931\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\r\n            IEC 61643-31:2018 \u2014 Requirements and test methods for SPDs for photovoltaic installations\r\n          <\/a>.\r\n        <\/li>\r\n        <li id=\"ly-ref-3\">\r\n          International Electrotechnical Commission,\r\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/65315\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\r\n            IEC 61643-01:2024 \u2014 General requirements and test methods for low-voltage SPDs\r\n          <\/a>.\r\n        <\/li>\r\n        <li id=\"ly-ref-4\">\r\n          International Electrotechnical Commission,\r\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/28137\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\r\n            IEC 62305-2:2024 \u2014 Protection against lightning, risk management\r\n          <\/a>.\r\n        <\/li>\r\n        <li id=\"ly-ref-5\">\r\n          International Electrotechnical Commission,\r\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/29590\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\r\n            IEC 62305-4:2024 \u2014 Electrical and electronic systems within structures\r\n          <\/a>.\r\n        <\/li>\r\n        <li id=\"ly-ref-6\">\r\n          International Electrotechnical Commission,\r\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/69085\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\r\n            IEC 61643-21:2025 \u2014 SPDs connected to telecommunications and signalling networks\r\n          <\/a>.\r\n        <\/li>\r\n        <li id=\"ly-ref-7\">\r\n          ABB Furse,\r\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/search.abb.com\/library\/Download.aspx?Action=Launch&amp;DocumentID=9AKK108471A1330&amp;DocumentPartId=&amp;LanguageCode=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\r\n            Protection of Battery Energy Storage Systems \u2014 ESP BESS DC Power Line SPD Series\r\n          <\/a>.\r\n        <\/li>\r\n        <li id=\"ly-ref-8\">\r\n          Raycap,\r\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.raycap.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Battery-Energy-Storage-G09-00-190-sp.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\r\n            Protection Against Surges and Overvoltages in Battery Energy Storage Systems\r\n          <\/a>.\r\n        <\/li>\r\n        <li id=\"ly-ref-9\">\r\n          Mersen,\r\n          <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mersen.com\/en\/all-markets\/mersen-solutions-battery-energy-storage-system-bess\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\r\n            Protection solutions for battery energy storage systems\r\n          <\/a>.\r\n        <\/li>\r\n      <\/ol>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"ly-bess-reference-note\">\r\n        This guide provides project-selection information. Final SPD approval must follow the\r\n        project single-line diagram, equipment manufacturer instructions, local regulations,\r\n        risk assessment and product test evidence. A standard number, voltage label or marketing\r\n        statement alone does not establish compatibility with every BESS circuit.\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/article>\r\n\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\r\n{\r\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\r\n  \"@type\": \"TechArticle\",\r\n  \"headline\": \"BESS DC SPD Selection Guide for Battery Cabinets and PCS\",\r\n  \"description\": \"Select a BESS DC SPD by maximum battery voltage, Uc\/UCDC, grounding, protection modes, SCCR, backup fuse and installation point between battery cabinets and PCS.\",\r\n  \"datePublished\": \"2026-07-15\",\r\n  \"dateModified\": \"2026-07-15\",\r\n  \"image\": [\r\n    \"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/bess-dc-spd-installation-architecture.webp\",\r\n    \"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/bess-dc-spd-vs-pv-dc-spd-comparison.webp\",\r\n    \"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/bess-dc-spd-oem-ordering-checklist.webp\"\r\n  ],\r\n  \"mainEntityOfPage\": {\r\n    \"@type\": \"WebPage\",\r\n    \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/bess-dc-spd\/\"\r\n  },\r\n  \"author\": {\r\n    \"@type\": \"Organization\",\r\n    \"name\": \"LEEYEE SPD Engineering Team\",\r\n    \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/\"\r\n  },\r\n  \"publisher\": {\r\n    \"@type\": \"Organization\",\r\n    \"name\": \"LEEYEE\",\r\n    \"url\": \"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/\"\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\r\n{\r\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\r\n  \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\r\n  \"mainEntity\": [\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n      \"name\": \"Can a PV DC SPD be used on the battery side of a BESS?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\": \"Not automatically. The supplier must provide evidence that the product is suitable for the battery circuit voltage, source, short-circuit current, protection modes and applicable BESS or non-PV DC test requirements.\"\r\n      }\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n      \"name\": \"Should a BESS specification use Uc or Ucpv?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\": \"Ucpv is the PV-specific designation. For a non-PV BESS battery circuit, use the manufacturer's declared maximum continuous DC rating, commonly shown as Uc or UCDC, and verify each required protection mode.\"\r\n      }\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n      \"name\": \"Can I select a 1000 V SPD for a nominal 1000 V BESS?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\": \"Not from nominal voltage alone. Calculate the maximum battery charging voltage, confirm the PCS input range and determine the continuous voltage across each protection mode.\"\r\n      }\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n      \"name\": \"Should an SPD be installed at both the battery and PCS?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\": \"Both ends should be assessed when the battery and PCS are in separate cabinets, containers, buildings or protection zones. Cable length alone should not determine the decision.\"\r\n      }\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n      \"name\": \"Do BMS communication lines need separate surge protection?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\": \"Yes, when the risk assessment identifies exposure. A DC power SPD does not protect RS485, CAN, Ethernet, sensor or control interfaces.\"\r\n      }\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n      \"name\": \"Can a higher Uc always be used for extra safety?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\": \"No. A higher continuous voltage rating may also increase Up. The selected SPD must survive the maximum operating voltage while remaining protective for the PCS and battery insulation.\"\r\n      }\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n      \"name\": \"Is SCCR the same as Imax?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\": \"No. Imax is an impulse discharge-current parameter. SCCR or Isccr concerns declared short-circuit performance under specified source and backup-protection conditions.\"\r\n      }\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n      \"name\": \"What documents should be attached to a BESS DC SPD enquiry?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n        \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\": \"Attach the single-line diagram, battery maximum-voltage data, PCS manual, grounding information, prospective fault-current value, cabinet layout, cable route, required standards and OEM documentation requirements.\"\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n  ]\r\n}\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n  document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function () {\r\n    var popupButtons = document.querySelectorAll(\r\n      \"#ly-bess-dc-guide .leeyee-site-popup-btn\"\r\n    );\r\n\r\n    popupButtons.forEach(function (button) {\r\n      button.addEventListener(\"click\", function (event) {\r\n        event.preventDefault();\r\n\r\n        var realPopupTrigger = document.querySelector(\r\n          \".w-popup.ush_popup_1 .w-popup-trigger\"\r\n        );\r\n\r\n        if (realPopupTrigger) {\r\n          realPopupTrigger.click();\r\n        } else {\r\n          window.open(\r\n            \"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/contact\/\",\r\n            \"_blank\",\r\n            \"noopener\"\r\n          );\r\n        }\r\n      });\r\n    });\r\n  });\r\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>BESS DC-Side Engineering Guide Selecting a BESS DC SPD is not the same as selecting a solar PV SPD. The battery circuit can present different fault-current, grounding and end-of-life conditions. The correct device must be selected from the actual battery operating envelope, PCS interface, protection modes, prospective short-circuit current and installation position\u2014not from the words&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,488,422],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30082","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news","category-surge-protection","category-industry-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>BESS DC SPD Selection: Uc, SCCR &amp; PCS Location | LEEYEE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Select a BESS DC SPD by maximum battery voltage, Uc, grounding, protection modes, SCCR, backup fuse and installation point between the battery and PCS.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/fr\/bess-dc-spd\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"BESS DC SPD Selection: Uc, SCCR &amp; PCS Location | LEEYEE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Select a BESS DC SPD by maximum battery voltage, Uc, grounding, protection modes, SCCR, backup fuse and installation point between the battery and PCS.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/fr\/bess-dc-spd\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Surge Protector, Surge Arrestor, Isolating Switch - LEEYEE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-07-15T05:52:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-07-15T07:15:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Devin Ling\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Devin Ling\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"19 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/bess-dc-spd\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/bess-dc-spd\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Devin Ling\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f49dbafe62c5b47100ad2d9f88af92d3\"},\"headline\":\"BESS DC SPD Selection Guide for Battery Cabinets and PCS\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-07-15T05:52:59+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-15T07:15:11+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/bess-dc-spd\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":3953,\"articleSection\":[\"News\",\"Surge Protection\",\"Technical Guides\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/bess-dc-spd\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/bess-dc-spd\\\/\",\"name\":\"BESS DC SPD Selection: Uc, SCCR & PCS Location | LEEYEE\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-07-15T05:52:59+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-07-15T07:15:11+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f49dbafe62c5b47100ad2d9f88af92d3\"},\"description\":\"Select a BESS DC SPD by maximum battery voltage, Uc, grounding, protection modes, SCCR, backup fuse and installation point between the battery and PCS.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/bess-dc-spd\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/bess-dc-spd\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/bess-dc-spd\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"BESS DC SPD Selection Guide for Battery Cabinets and PCS\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"Surge Protector, Surge Arrestor, Isolating Switch - 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