{"id":25840,"date":"2024-08-30T15:50:14","date_gmt":"2024-08-30T07:50:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cnspd.com\/?p=25840"},"modified":"2026-08-26T14:14:07","modified_gmt":"2026-08-26T06:14:07","slug":"dc-surge-protector","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e1f\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e32 DC"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"25840\" class=\"elementor elementor-25840\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e5a14cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e5a14cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3ac16b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"d3ac16b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub{\r\n  --blue:#004898;\r\n  --blue-dark:#00376f;\r\n  --blue-soft:#eef6fc;\r\n  --ink:#1f2933;\r\n  --muted:#5e6c78;\r\n  --line:#dce5ec;\r\n  --soft:#f7f9fb;\r\n  --green:#17734d;\r\n  --amber:#9a6700;\r\n  --white:#fff;\r\n  max-width:1180px;\r\n  margin:0 auto;\r\n  color:var(--ink);\r\n  font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;\r\n  font-size:16px;\r\n  line-height:1.72;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub *,\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub *:before,\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub *:after{\r\n  box-sizing:border-box;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub a{\r\n  color:var(--blue);\r\n  text-decoration:none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub a:hover{\r\n  text-decoration:underline;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub h2{\r\n  margin:58px 0 20px;\r\n  color:#142536;\r\n  font-size:32px;\r\n  line-height:1.25;\r\n  letter-spacing:-.02em;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub h3{\r\n  margin:28px 0 10px;\r\n  color:#1b3042;\r\n  font-size:21px;\r\n  line-height:1.35;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub p{\r\n  margin:0 0 18px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub ul,\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub ol{\r\n  margin:10px 0 20px;\r\n  padding-left:24px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub li{\r\n  margin:7px 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub strong{\r\n  color:#172633;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-intro{\r\n  max-width:930px;\r\n  margin-bottom:24px;\r\n  color:#354959;\r\n  font-size:18px;\r\n  line-height:1.7;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-quick{\r\n  margin:26px 0 28px;\r\n  padding:23px 26px;\r\n  border-left:5px solid var(--blue);\r\n  border-radius:0 13px 13px 0;\r\n  background:var(--blue-soft);\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-eyebrow{\r\n  display:block;\r\n  margin-bottom:6px;\r\n  color:var(--blue);\r\n  font-size:12px;\r\n  font-weight:800;\r\n  letter-spacing:.08em;\r\n  text-transform:uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-quick p{\r\n  margin:0;\r\n  color:#263e50;\r\n  font-size:17px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-actions{\r\n  display:flex;\r\n  flex-wrap:wrap;\r\n  align-items:center;\r\n  gap:12px;\r\n  margin:22px 0 10px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-btn{\r\n  display:inline-flex!important;\r\n  align-items:center!important;\r\n  justify-content:center!important;\r\n  min-height:48px!important;\r\n  padding:12px 20px!important;\r\n  border:2px solid var(--blue)!important;\r\n  border-radius:8px!important;\r\n  cursor:pointer!important;\r\n  font-family:inherit!important;\r\n  font-size:15px!important;\r\n  font-style:normal!important;\r\n  font-weight:800!important;\r\n  line-height:1.2!important;\r\n  letter-spacing:normal!important;\r\n  text-align:center!important;\r\n  text-decoration:none!important;\r\n  text-transform:none!important;\r\n  box-shadow:none!important;\r\n  transition:.18s ease;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-btn-primary{\r\n  background:var(--blue)!important;\r\n  color:#fff!important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-btn-primary:hover,\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-btn-primary:focus{\r\n  background:var(--blue-dark)!important;\r\n  border-color:var(--blue-dark)!important;\r\n  color:#fff!important;\r\n  text-decoration:none!important;\r\n  outline:none!important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-btn-outline{\r\n  background:#fff!important;\r\n  color:var(--blue)!important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-btn-outline:hover{\r\n  background:#f3f8fb!important;\r\n  color:var(--blue-dark)!important;\r\n  text-decoration:none!important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Popup button hard override based on the working Type 2 page *\/\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub button.dc-btn-primary.leeyee-site-popup-btn{\r\n  appearance:none!important;\r\n  -webkit-appearance:none!important;\r\n  display:inline-flex!important;\r\n  align-items:center!important;\r\n  justify-content:center!important;\r\n  min-height:48px!important;\r\n  padding:12px 20px!important;\r\n  margin:0!important;\r\n  background:#004898!important;\r\n  border:2px solid #004898!important;\r\n  border-radius:8px!important;\r\n  color:#ffffff!important;\r\n  font-family:inherit!important;\r\n  font-size:15px!important;\r\n  font-style:normal!important;\r\n  font-weight:800!important;\r\n  line-height:1.2!important;\r\n  letter-spacing:normal!important;\r\n  text-align:center!important;\r\n  text-indent:0!important;\r\n  text-transform:none!important;\r\n  text-shadow:none!important;\r\n  white-space:normal!important;\r\n  opacity:1!important;\r\n  visibility:visible!important;\r\n  cursor:pointer!important;\r\n  box-shadow:none!important;\r\n  overflow:visible!important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub button.dc-btn-primary.leeyee-site-popup-btn span{\r\n  display:inline!important;\r\n  position:static!important;\r\n  width:auto!important;\r\n  height:auto!important;\r\n  margin:0!important;\r\n  padding:0!important;\r\n  background:transparent!important;\r\n  color:#ffffff!important;\r\n  font-family:inherit!important;\r\n  font-size:15px!important;\r\n  font-style:normal!important;\r\n  font-weight:800!important;\r\n  line-height:1.2!important;\r\n  letter-spacing:normal!important;\r\n  text-indent:0!important;\r\n  text-transform:none!important;\r\n  text-shadow:none!important;\r\n  opacity:1!important;\r\n  visibility:visible!important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub button.dc-btn-primary.leeyee-site-popup-btn:hover,\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub button.dc-btn-primary.leeyee-site-popup-btn:focus{\r\n  background:#00376f!important;\r\n  border-color:#00376f!important;\r\n  color:#ffffff!important;\r\n  outline:none!important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub button.dc-btn-primary.leeyee-site-popup-btn:hover span,\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub button.dc-btn-primary.leeyee-site-popup-btn:focus span{\r\n  color:#ffffff!important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-snapshot{\r\n  display:grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));\r\n  gap:13px;\r\n  margin:30px 0 44px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-snapshot-item{\r\n  padding:17px;\r\n  border:1px solid var(--line);\r\n  border-radius:10px;\r\n  background:#fff;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-snapshot-item span{\r\n  display:block;\r\n  margin-bottom:3px;\r\n  color:#657783;\r\n  font-size:12px;\r\n  font-weight:700;\r\n  text-transform:uppercase;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-snapshot-item strong{\r\n  display:block;\r\n  color:var(--blue);\r\n  font-size:18px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-grid-3,\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-grid-4{\r\n  display:grid;\r\n  gap:17px;\r\n  margin:22px 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-grid-3{\r\n  grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-grid-4{\r\n  grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr));\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-card{\r\n  height:100%;\r\n  padding:21px;\r\n  border:1px solid var(--line);\r\n  border-radius:13px;\r\n  background:#fff;\r\n  box-shadow:0 4px 18px rgba(27,53,76,.035);\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-number{\r\n  display:flex;\r\n  align-items:center;\r\n  justify-content:center;\r\n  width:34px;\r\n  height:34px;\r\n  margin-bottom:13px;\r\n  border-radius:50%;\r\n  background:var(--blue);\r\n  color:#fff;\r\n  font-size:14px;\r\n  font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-card h3{\r\n  margin:0 0 8px;\r\n  font-size:18px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-card p{\r\n  margin:0;\r\n  color:var(--muted);\r\n  font-size:15px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-answer-table,\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-table-wrap{\r\n  margin:24px 0 32px;\r\n  overflow-x:auto;\r\n  border:1px solid var(--line);\r\n  border-radius:12px;\r\n  background:#fff;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub table{\r\n  width:100%;\r\n  min-width:760px;\r\n  border-collapse:collapse;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub th{\r\n  padding:14px 15px;\r\n  border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);\r\n  background:#eaf3f9;\r\n  color:#164267;\r\n  font-size:14px;\r\n  text-align:left;\r\n  vertical-align:top;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub td{\r\n  padding:14px 15px;\r\n  border-bottom:1px solid #e7edf2;\r\n  font-size:14px;\r\n  vertical-align:top;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub tr:last-child td{\r\n  border-bottom:0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-direct{\r\n  background:#fbfdfe;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-direct strong{\r\n  color:var(--blue);\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-note,\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-warning,\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-proof-note{\r\n  margin:23px 0;\r\n  padding:20px 22px;\r\n  border-radius:11px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-note{\r\n  border:1px solid #cfe0ec;\r\n  background:#f3f8fc;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-warning{\r\n  border:1px solid #ead7aa;\r\n  background:#fffaf0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-proof-note{\r\n  border:1px solid #cfe1d8;\r\n  background:#f3faf6;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-note strong,\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-warning strong,\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-proof-note strong{\r\n  display:block;\r\n  margin-bottom:5px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-visual{\r\n  margin:28px 0 36px;\r\n  padding:22px;\r\n  border:1px solid var(--line);\r\n  border-radius:14px;\r\n  background:#fbfcfd;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-visual svg{\r\n  display:block;\r\n  width:100%;\r\n  height:auto;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-visual figcaption{\r\n  margin-top:13px;\r\n  color:#6b7c89;\r\n  font-size:13px;\r\n  text-align:center;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-mobile-diagram{\r\n  display:none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-step-list{\r\n  margin:25px 0;\r\n  counter-reset:dcstep;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-step{\r\n  position:relative;\r\n  margin-bottom:15px;\r\n  padding:20px 20px 20px 70px;\r\n  border:1px solid var(--line);\r\n  border-radius:11px;\r\n  background:#fff;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-step:before{\r\n  counter-increment:dcstep;\r\n  content:counter(dcstep);\r\n  position:absolute;\r\n  top:20px;\r\n  left:20px;\r\n  display:flex;\r\n  align-items:center;\r\n  justify-content:center;\r\n  width:32px;\r\n  height:32px;\r\n  border-radius:50%;\r\n  background:var(--blue);\r\n  color:#fff;\r\n  font-size:14px;\r\n  font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-step h3{\r\n  margin:0 0 7px;\r\n  font-size:19px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-step p:last-child{\r\n  margin-bottom:0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-metric{\r\n  display:inline-block;\r\n  padding:1px 6px;\r\n  border-radius:4px;\r\n  background:#edf4f9;\r\n  color:#164b72;\r\n  font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-proof{\r\n  margin:30px 0;\r\n  padding:28px;\r\n  border:1px solid #cbdce8;\r\n  border-radius:15px;\r\n  background:#f7fbfe;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-proof-heading{\r\n  margin-bottom:7px;\r\n  color:#152d40;\r\n  font-size:25px;\r\n  font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-proof-intro{\r\n  max-width:900px;\r\n  color:#516675;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-proof-grid{\r\n  display:grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));\r\n  gap:15px;\r\n  margin-top:22px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-proof-card{\r\n  height:100%;\r\n  padding:20px;\r\n  border:1px solid #d6e4ed;\r\n  border-radius:11px;\r\n  background:#fff;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-proof-card .dc-voltage{\r\n  display:block;\r\n  margin-bottom:7px;\r\n  color:var(--blue);\r\n  font-size:25px;\r\n  font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-proof-card .dc-status{\r\n  display:inline-block;\r\n  margin-bottom:12px;\r\n  padding:4px 8px;\r\n  border-radius:4px;\r\n  background:#ebf7f0;\r\n  color:var(--green);\r\n  font-size:12px;\r\n  font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-proof-card ul{\r\n  margin:0;\r\n  padding-left:19px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-proof-card li{\r\n  margin:5px 0;\r\n  font-size:14px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-doc-grid{\r\n  display:grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));\r\n  gap:15px;\r\n  margin:22px 0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-doc{\r\n  height:100%;\r\n  padding:19px;\r\n  border:1px solid var(--line);\r\n  border-radius:10px;\r\n  background:#fff;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-doc b{\r\n  display:block;\r\n  margin-bottom:5px;\r\n  color:#173d5b;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-doc span{\r\n  display:block;\r\n  margin-bottom:10px;\r\n  color:#657783;\r\n  font-size:14px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-app{\r\n  height:100%;\r\n  padding:20px;\r\n  border:1px solid var(--line);\r\n  border-top:4px solid var(--blue);\r\n  border-radius:10px;\r\n  background:#fff;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-app h3{\r\n  margin:0 0 8px;\r\n  font-size:18px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-app p{\r\n  margin:0 0 10px;\r\n  color:var(--muted);\r\n  font-size:15px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-checks{\r\n  display:grid;\r\n  grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));\r\n  gap:9px 22px;\r\n  margin:22px 0;\r\n  padding:23px;\r\n  border:1px solid var(--line);\r\n  border-radius:11px;\r\n  background:#f8fafb;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-check{\r\n  position:relative;\r\n  padding-left:26px;\r\n  color:#3e5262;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-check:before{\r\n  content:\"\u2713\";\r\n  position:absolute;\r\n  left:0;\r\n  color:var(--green);\r\n  font-weight:900;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-faq details{\r\n  margin-bottom:10px;\r\n  overflow:hidden;\r\n  border:1px solid var(--line);\r\n  border-radius:10px;\r\n  background:#fff;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-faq summary{\r\n  cursor:pointer;\r\n  list-style:none;\r\n  padding:16px 19px;\r\n  color:#1b384f;\r\n  font-weight:800;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-faq summary::-webkit-details-marker{\r\n  display:none;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-faq summary:after{\r\n  content:\"+\";\r\n  float:right;\r\n  color:var(--blue);\r\n  font-size:20px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-faq details[open] summary:after{\r\n  content:\"\u2212\";\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-faq-body{\r\n  padding:0 19px 17px;\r\n  color:#566a79;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-faq-body p{\r\n  margin:0;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-cta{\r\n  margin:58px 0 20px;\r\n  padding:32px;\r\n  border-radius:15px;\r\n  background:#004898;\r\n  color:#fff;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-cta h2{\r\n  margin:0 0 10px;\r\n  color:#fff;\r\n  font-size:28px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-cta p{\r\n  max-width:850px;\r\n  color:#fff;\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/* Final CTA popup button: same treatment as working Type 2 page *\/\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-cta button.dc-btn-primary.leeyee-site-popup-btn{\r\n  background:#ffffff!important;\r\n  border-color:#ffffff!important;\r\n  color:#004898!important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-cta button.dc-btn-primary.leeyee-site-popup-btn span{\r\n  color:#004898!important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-cta button.dc-btn-primary.leeyee-site-popup-btn:hover,\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-cta button.dc-btn-primary.leeyee-site-popup-btn:focus{\r\n  background:#eef6ff!important;\r\n  border-color:#ffffff!important;\r\n  color:#00376f!important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-cta button.dc-btn-primary.leeyee-site-popup-btn:hover span,\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-cta button.dc-btn-primary.leeyee-site-popup-btn:focus span{\r\n  color:#00376f!important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-cta .dc-btn-outline{\r\n  border-color:#fff!important;\r\n  background:transparent!important;\r\n  color:#fff!important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-cta .dc-btn-outline:hover{\r\n  background:rgba(255,255,255,.12)!important;\r\n  color:#fff!important;\r\n}\r\n\r\n#leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-small{\r\n  color:#6c7d89;\r\n  font-size:13px;\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media(max-width:980px){\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-snapshot,\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-grid-4{\r\n    grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-grid-3,\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-proof-grid,\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-doc-grid{\r\n    grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media(max-width:820px){\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-desktop-diagram{\r\n    display:none;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-mobile-diagram{\r\n    display:block;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-table-wrap,\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-answer-table{\r\n    overflow:visible;\r\n    border:0;\r\n    background:transparent;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub table,\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub thead,\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub tbody,\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub tr,\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub th,\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub td{\r\n    display:block;\r\n    width:100%;\r\n    min-width:0;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub thead{\r\n    display:none;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub tr{\r\n    margin-bottom:14px;\r\n    overflow:hidden;\r\n    border:1px solid var(--line);\r\n    border-radius:10px;\r\n    background:#fff;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub td{\r\n    position:relative;\r\n    min-height:46px;\r\n    padding:11px 14px 11px 42%;\r\n    border-bottom:1px solid #e8edf1;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub td:before{\r\n    content:attr(data-label);\r\n    position:absolute;\r\n    top:11px;\r\n    left:14px;\r\n    width:34%;\r\n    color:#284c68;\r\n    font-weight:800;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub td:last-child{\r\n    border-bottom:0;\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media(max-width:640px){\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub{\r\n    font-size:15px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub h2{\r\n    margin-top:44px;\r\n    font-size:27px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-intro{\r\n    margin-bottom:18px;\r\n    font-size:16px;\r\n    line-height:1.62;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-quick{\r\n    margin-top:20px;\r\n    padding:18px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-quick p{\r\n    font-size:16px;\r\n    line-height:1.6;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-snapshot,\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-grid-3,\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-grid-4,\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-proof-grid,\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-doc-grid,\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-checks{\r\n    grid-template-columns:1fr;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-actions{\r\n    flex-direction:column;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-btn,\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub button.dc-btn-primary.leeyee-site-popup-btn{\r\n    width:100%!important;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-step{\r\n    padding:58px 17px 18px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-step:before{\r\n    top:16px;\r\n    left:17px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-proof,\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-cta{\r\n    padding:23px 18px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub .dc-visual{\r\n    padding:14px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub td{\r\n    padding-left:45%;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub td:before{\r\n    width:37%;\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media(max-width:390px){\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub h2{\r\n    font-size:25px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub td{\r\n    padding:10px 12px 10px 44%;\r\n    font-size:13px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub td:before{\r\n    top:10px;\r\n    left:12px;\r\n    width:36%;\r\n    font-size:13px;\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n\r\n@media(max-width:360px){\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub td{\r\n    padding:10px 12px;\r\n  }\r\n\r\n  #leeyee-dc-spd-hub td:before{\r\n    position:static;\r\n    display:block;\r\n    width:auto;\r\n    margin-bottom:4px;\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<article id=\"leeyee-dc-spd-hub\">\r\n\r\n  <p class=\"dc-intro\">\r\n    A <strong>DC surge protector<\/strong>, also called a DC SPD or DC surge protection device, limits transient overvoltage on direct-current power circuits. Correct selection depends on the DC source, maximum continuous voltage, SPD type, discharge ratings, protection level, wiring and certificate scope\u2014not one kA number alone.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"dc-quick\">\r\n    <span class=\"dc-eyebrow\">Quick Answer<\/span>\r\n    <p>\r\n      For solar PV, first confirm the maximum DC voltage and select a PV-rated SPD with suitable <strong>U<sub>cpv<\/sub><\/strong>. Then check <strong>Type 2 or Type 1+2<\/strong>, <strong>I<sub>n<\/sub><\/strong>, <strong>I<sub>max<\/sub><\/strong>, <strong>I<sub>imp<\/sub><\/strong> where required, <strong>U<sub>p<\/sub><\/strong>, wiring configuration and exact certificate scope.\r\n    <\/p>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"dc-actions\">\r\n    <button type=\"button\" class=\"dc-btn dc-btn-primary leeyee-site-popup-btn\">\r\n      <span>Get DC SPD Selection Support<\/span>\r\n    <\/button>\r\n\r\n    <a class=\"dc-btn dc-btn-outline\"\r\n       href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/shop\/dc-surge-protective-device\/\">\r\n      Browse DC SPD Products\r\n    <\/a>\r\n\r\n    <a class=\"dc-btn dc-btn-outline\"\r\n       href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/technical-downloads\/\">\r\n      Open Technical Downloads\r\n    <\/a>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"dc-snapshot\">\r\n    <div class=\"dc-snapshot-item\">\r\n      <span>PV voltage groups<\/span>\r\n      <strong>600 \/ 1000 \/ 1500V DC<\/strong>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"dc-snapshot-item\">\r\n      <span>Protection classes<\/span>\r\n      <strong>Type 2 \/ Type 1+2<\/strong>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"dc-snapshot-item\">\r\n      <span>Key ratings<\/span>\r\n      <strong>Ucpv \u00b7 Up \u00b7 In \u00b7 Imax \u00b7 Iimp<\/strong>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"dc-snapshot-item\">\r\n      <span>PV product standard<\/span>\r\n      <strong>IEC 61643-31<\/strong>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_87 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e1f\/#which-dc-surge-protector-should-you-choose\" >Which DC Surge Protector Should You Choose?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e1f\/#dc-spd-selection-in-six-decisions\" >DC SPD Selection in Six Decisions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e1f\/#what-is-a-dc-surge-protection-device\" >What Is a DC Surge Protection Device?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e1f\/#why-ac-and-dc-surge-protectors-are-not-interchangeable\" >Why AC and DC Surge Protectors Are Not Interchangeable<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e1f\/#how-to-select-a-dc-spd-step-by-step\" >How to Select a DC SPD Step by Step<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e1f\/#dc-spd-parameters-buyers-need-to-understand\" >DC SPD Parameters Buyers Need to Understand<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e1f\/#600v-vs-1000v-vs-1500v-dc-spd\" >600V vs 1000V vs 1500V DC SPD<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e1f\/#verified-leeyee-pv-dc-spd-evidence\" >Verified LEEYEE PV DC SPD Evidence<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e1f\/#technical-documents-available-before-model-approval\" >Technical Documents Available Before Model Approval<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e1f\/#where-is-a-dc-spd-installed-in-a-solar-pv-system\" >Where Is a DC SPD Installed in a Solar PV System?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e1f\/#type-2-dc-spd-vs-type-12-dc-spd\" >Type 2 DC SPD vs Type 1+2 DC SPD<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e1f\/#which-iec-standard-applies-to-a-dc-spd\" >Which IEC Standard Applies to a DC SPD?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e1f\/#dc-spd-installation-checks-that-affect-real-protection\" >DC SPD Installation Checks That Affect Real Protection<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e1f\/#common-dc-surge-protector-selection-mistakes\" >Common DC Surge Protector Selection Mistakes<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e1f\/#what-should-a-buyer-send-before-ordering-a-dc-spd\" >What Should a Buyer Send Before Ordering a DC SPD?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e1f\/#dc-surge-protector-faq\" >DC Surge Protector FAQ<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"#\" data-href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e1f\/#need-to-confirm-a-dc-spd-for-your-project\" >Need to Confirm a DC SPD for Your Project?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"which-dc-surge-protector-should-you-choose\"><\/span>Which DC Surge Protector Should You Choose?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n  <p>\r\n    Start with the electrical system, not the product catalogue. This decision table gives engineers, PV combiner-box manufacturers, panel builders and technical buyers a fast first check.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"dc-answer-table\">\r\n    <table>\r\n      <thead>\r\n        <tr>\r\n          <th>Your System<\/th>\r\n          <th>Check First<\/th>\r\n          <th>SPD Direction<\/th>\r\n          <th>Confirm Before Approval<\/th>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n      <\/thead>\r\n\r\n      <tbody>\r\n        <tr class=\"dc-direct\">\r\n          <td data-label=\"Your System\"><strong>600V PV system<\/strong><\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Check First\">Maximum calculated PV string voltage<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"SPD Direction\">Review a PV SPD with suitable Ucpv in the 600V group<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Confirm\">Type 2 or Type 1+2, Up, wiring mode and certificate scope<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n\r\n        <tr class=\"dc-direct\">\r\n          <td data-label=\"Your System\"><strong>1000V PV system<\/strong><\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Check First\">Maximum string Voc at the lowest design temperature<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"SPD Direction\">Review a 1000V Ucpv PV SPD when suitable for the calculated voltage<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Confirm\">In, Imax, Iimp if required, Up, poles and installation position<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n\r\n        <tr class=\"dc-direct\">\r\n          <td data-label=\"Your System\"><strong>1500V PV system<\/strong><\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Check First\">Maximum string voltage and inverter DC-input design<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"SPD Direction\">Review a 1500V Ucpv PV SPD for suitable high-voltage PV architecture<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Confirm\">Lightning protection concept, SPD type, Up and exact certificate scope<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n\r\n        <tr>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Your System\"><strong>Low-voltage DC power<\/strong><\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Check First\">Maximum operating or charging voltage and source characteristics<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"SPD Direction\">Use an SPD explicitly suitable for the actual DC power system<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Confirm\">Uc, Up, fault current, grounding and protection mode<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n\r\n        <tr>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Your System\"><strong>Battery \/ other DC source<\/strong><\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Check First\">Maximum DC bus voltage and available fault current<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"SPD Direction\">Do not assume a PV SPD is automatically suitable<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Confirm\">Applicable standard, source behavior and manufacturer approval<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n      <\/tbody>\r\n    <\/table>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"dc-warning\">\r\n    <strong>The project voltage label is not enough.<\/strong>\r\n    A \u201c1000V PV system\u201d does not mean every 1000V-labelled SPD is automatically suitable. Confirm the maximum voltage that can actually appear continuously at the SPD terminals.\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"dc-spd-selection-in-six-decisions\"><\/span>DC SPD Selection in Six Decisions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"dc-grid-3\">\r\n    <div class=\"dc-card\">\r\n      <div class=\"dc-number\">1<\/div>\r\n      <h3>Identify the DC source<\/h3>\r\n      <p>PV, battery, DC distribution or another DC power source.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"dc-card\">\r\n      <div class=\"dc-number\">2<\/div>\r\n      <h3>Confirm maximum voltage<\/h3>\r\n      <p>Use the highest real voltage at the SPD terminals.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"dc-card\">\r\n      <div class=\"dc-number\">3<\/div>\r\n      <h3>Select SPD type<\/h3>\r\n      <p>Choose Type 2 or Type 1+2 from the lightning protection concept.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"dc-card\">\r\n      <div class=\"dc-number\">4<\/div>\r\n      <h3>Compare surge ratings<\/h3>\r\n      <p>Read In, Imax, Iimp and Up together.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"dc-card\">\r\n      <div class=\"dc-number\">5<\/div>\r\n      <h3>Match the topology<\/h3>\r\n      <p>Confirm DC+, DC\u2212, PE, poles and protection modes.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"dc-card\">\r\n      <div class=\"dc-number\">6<\/div>\r\n      <h3>Verify evidence<\/h3>\r\n      <p>Match the exact model with datasheet and certificate scope.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <figure class=\"dc-visual dc-desktop-diagram\">\r\n    <svg viewBox=\"0 0 1100 330\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"DC surge protector selection workflow\">\r\n      <defs>\r\n        <marker id=\"dc-arrow-desktop-1\"\r\n                markerWidth=\"10\"\r\n                markerHeight=\"10\"\r\n                refX=\"8\"\r\n                refY=\"3\"\r\n                orient=\"auto\">\r\n          <path d=\"M0,0 L0,6 L9,3 z\" fill=\"#004898\"><\/path>\r\n        <\/marker>\r\n      <\/defs>\r\n\r\n      <rect x=\"20\" y=\"108\" width=\"145\" height=\"100\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#eef6fc\" stroke=\"#004898\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n      <text x=\"92\" y=\"143\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"18\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#17384f\">DC Source<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"92\" y=\"173\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#586b79\">PV \/ Battery<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"92\" y=\"195\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#586b79\">DC Power<\/text>\r\n\r\n      <line x1=\"165\" y1=\"158\" x2=\"215\" y2=\"158\" stroke=\"#004898\" stroke-width=\"3\" marker-end=\"url(#dc-arrow-desktop-1)\"\/>\r\n\r\n      <rect x=\"220\" y=\"108\" width=\"145\" height=\"100\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#9fb7c8\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n      <text x=\"292\" y=\"143\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"18\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#17384f\">Voltage<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"292\" y=\"173\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#586b79\">Uc \/ Ucpv<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"292\" y=\"195\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#586b79\">Maximum DC<\/text>\r\n\r\n      <line x1=\"365\" y1=\"158\" x2=\"415\" y2=\"158\" stroke=\"#004898\" stroke-width=\"3\" marker-end=\"url(#dc-arrow-desktop-1)\"\/>\r\n\r\n      <rect x=\"420\" y=\"108\" width=\"145\" height=\"100\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#9fb7c8\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n      <text x=\"492\" y=\"143\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"18\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#17384f\">SPD Type<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"492\" y=\"173\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#586b79\">Type 2<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"492\" y=\"195\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#586b79\">Type 1+2<\/text>\r\n\r\n      <line x1=\"565\" y1=\"158\" x2=\"615\" y2=\"158\" stroke=\"#004898\" stroke-width=\"3\" marker-end=\"url(#dc-arrow-desktop-1)\"\/>\r\n\r\n      <rect x=\"620\" y=\"108\" width=\"150\" height=\"100\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#9fb7c8\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n      <text x=\"695\" y=\"143\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"18\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#17384f\">Ratings<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"695\" y=\"173\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#586b79\">In \/ Imax \/ Iimp<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"695\" y=\"195\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#586b79\">Up<\/text>\r\n\r\n      <line x1=\"770\" y1=\"158\" x2=\"820\" y2=\"158\" stroke=\"#004898\" stroke-width=\"3\" marker-end=\"url(#dc-arrow-desktop-1)\"\/>\r\n\r\n      <rect x=\"825\" y=\"108\" width=\"120\" height=\"100\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#9fb7c8\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n      <text x=\"885\" y=\"143\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"18\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#17384f\">Wiring<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"885\" y=\"173\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#586b79\">+\/\u2212 \/ PE<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"885\" y=\"195\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#586b79\">Poles<\/text>\r\n\r\n      <line x1=\"945\" y1=\"158\" x2=\"990\" y2=\"158\" stroke=\"#004898\" stroke-width=\"3\" marker-end=\"url(#dc-arrow-desktop-1)\"\/>\r\n\r\n      <rect x=\"995\" y=\"108\" width=\"90\" height=\"100\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#edf8f2\" stroke=\"#23845c\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n      <text x=\"1040\" y=\"143\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"17\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#17603f\">Verify<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"1040\" y=\"173\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#526b60\">Model<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"1040\" y=\"194\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"13\" fill=\"#526b60\">Docs<\/text>\r\n    <\/svg>\r\n\r\n    <figcaption>\r\n      Selection should move from the electrical system to exact product evidence\u2014not from a catalogue kA value backward.\r\n    <\/figcaption>\r\n  <\/figure>\r\n\r\n  <figure class=\"dc-visual dc-mobile-diagram\">\r\n    <svg viewBox=\"0 0 390 790\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Mobile DC surge protector selection workflow\">\r\n      <defs>\r\n        <marker id=\"dc-arrow-mobile-1\"\r\n                markerWidth=\"10\"\r\n                markerHeight=\"10\"\r\n                refX=\"8\"\r\n                refY=\"3\"\r\n                orient=\"auto\">\r\n          <path d=\"M0,0 L0,6 L9,3 z\" fill=\"#004898\"><\/path>\r\n        <\/marker>\r\n      <\/defs>\r\n\r\n      <rect x=\"55\" y=\"25\" width=\"280\" height=\"86\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#eef6fc\" stroke=\"#004898\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n      <text x=\"195\" y=\"58\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"20\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#17384f\">1. Identify the DC Source<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"195\" y=\"86\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"15\" fill=\"#586b79\">PV \u00b7 Battery \u00b7 DC Power<\/text>\r\n\r\n      <line x1=\"195\" y1=\"112\" x2=\"195\" y2=\"146\" stroke=\"#004898\" stroke-width=\"3\" marker-end=\"url(#dc-arrow-mobile-1)\"\/>\r\n\r\n      <rect x=\"55\" y=\"155\" width=\"280\" height=\"86\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#9fb7c8\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n      <text x=\"195\" y=\"188\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"20\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#17384f\">2. Confirm Voltage<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"195\" y=\"216\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"15\" fill=\"#586b79\">Uc \/ Ucpv \u00b7 Maximum DC<\/text>\r\n\r\n      <line x1=\"195\" y1=\"242\" x2=\"195\" y2=\"276\" stroke=\"#004898\" stroke-width=\"3\" marker-end=\"url(#dc-arrow-mobile-1)\"\/>\r\n\r\n      <rect x=\"55\" y=\"285\" width=\"280\" height=\"86\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#9fb7c8\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n      <text x=\"195\" y=\"318\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"20\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#17384f\">3. Select SPD Type<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"195\" y=\"346\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"15\" fill=\"#586b79\">Type 2 \u00b7 Type 1+2<\/text>\r\n\r\n      <line x1=\"195\" y1=\"372\" x2=\"195\" y2=\"406\" stroke=\"#004898\" stroke-width=\"3\" marker-end=\"url(#dc-arrow-mobile-1)\"\/>\r\n\r\n      <rect x=\"55\" y=\"415\" width=\"280\" height=\"86\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#9fb7c8\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n      <text x=\"195\" y=\"448\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"20\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#17384f\">4. Check Ratings<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"195\" y=\"476\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"15\" fill=\"#586b79\">In \u00b7 Imax \u00b7 Iimp \u00b7 Up<\/text>\r\n\r\n      <line x1=\"195\" y1=\"502\" x2=\"195\" y2=\"536\" stroke=\"#004898\" stroke-width=\"3\" marker-end=\"url(#dc-arrow-mobile-1)\"\/>\r\n\r\n      <rect x=\"55\" y=\"545\" width=\"280\" height=\"86\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#fff\" stroke=\"#9fb7c8\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n      <text x=\"195\" y=\"578\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"20\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#17384f\">5. Match Wiring<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"195\" y=\"606\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"15\" fill=\"#586b79\">DC+ \u00b7 DC\u2212 \u00b7 PE \u00b7 Poles<\/text>\r\n\r\n      <line x1=\"195\" y1=\"632\" x2=\"195\" y2=\"666\" stroke=\"#004898\" stroke-width=\"3\" marker-end=\"url(#dc-arrow-mobile-1)\"\/>\r\n\r\n      <rect x=\"55\" y=\"675\" width=\"280\" height=\"86\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#edf8f2\" stroke=\"#23845c\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n      <text x=\"195\" y=\"708\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"20\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#17603f\">6. Verify Evidence<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"195\" y=\"736\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"15\" fill=\"#526b60\">Model \u00b7 Datasheet \u00b7 Certificate<\/text>\r\n    <\/svg>\r\n\r\n    <figcaption>\r\n      Mobile selection workflow: system \u2192 voltage \u2192 SPD type \u2192 ratings \u2192 wiring \u2192 evidence.\r\n    <\/figcaption>\r\n  <\/figure>\r\n\r\n  <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"what-is-a-dc-surge-protection-device\"><\/span>What Is a DC Surge Protection Device?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n  <p>\r\n    A DC surge protective device is connected to a direct-current power circuit to limit transient overvoltage and divert surge current away from protected equipment. Under normal conditions, the SPD remains in a high-impedance state. When a transient exceeds its protective threshold, the protection elements conduct and provide a lower-impedance path for surge current.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <p>\r\n    Typical DC protection points include photovoltaic strings, combiner boxes, inverter DC inputs and DC distribution equipment. Other DC applications may also require surge protection, but the SPD must be suitable for the characteristics of the actual DC source.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"why-ac-and-dc-surge-protectors-are-not-interchangeable\"><\/span>Why AC and DC Surge Protectors Are Not Interchangeable<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n  <p>\r\n    AC and DC circuits behave differently during abnormal current conditions. AC current naturally passes through zero every cycle, while a DC source does not provide the same natural zero crossing. This affects fault interruption, thermal disconnection and end-of-life behavior.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <p>\r\n    A photovoltaic circuit should therefore use a surge protective device designed and tested for PV DC service. Do not select an ordinary AC SPD merely because its printed voltage appears similar.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"dc-note\">\r\n    <strong>Looking specifically for AC SPD vs DC SPD?<\/strong>\r\n    Use the dedicated\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/surge-protection-for-ac-and-dc-systems\/\">\r\n      AC vs DC SPD comparison guide\r\n    <\/a>.\r\n    This page remains focused on generic DC SPD selection.\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"how-to-select-a-dc-spd-step-by-step\"><\/span>How to Select a DC SPD Step by Step<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"dc-step-list\">\r\n    <section class=\"dc-step\">\r\n      <h3>Identify the application before choosing a voltage<\/h3>\r\n      <p>\r\n        Determine whether the circuit is photovoltaic or another DC low-voltage power system. PV SPDs have a dedicated product standard, and photovoltaic source characteristics differ from batteries, rectifiers and other DC supplies.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section class=\"dc-step\">\r\n      <h3>Confirm Uc or Ucpv against the maximum DC voltage<\/h3>\r\n\r\n      <p>\r\n        For photovoltaic applications, <span class=\"dc-metric\">Ucpv<\/span> is the maximum continuous operating voltage of the PV SPD. It must remain suitable for the highest voltage that can appear at the device terminals.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n\r\n      <p>\r\n        Module open-circuit voltage increases as temperature falls. PV design should therefore consider the maximum string voltage at the lowest relevant temperature rather than only nominal array voltage.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n\r\n      <p>\r\n        See the\r\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/dc-spd-ucpv-selection\/\">\r\n          DC SPD Ucpv selection guide\r\n        <\/a>\r\n        for the detailed voltage-selection logic.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section class=\"dc-step\">\r\n      <h3>Choose Type 2 or Type 1+2 from the lightning protection concept<\/h3>\r\n\r\n      <p>\r\n        Type 2 PV SPDs are used for induced and switching surge protection where lightning-current duty is not required. Type 1+2 devices add lightning-current capability tested using a 10\/350 \u03bcs impulse.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n\r\n      <p>\r\n        The decision should consider the external lightning protection system, lightning protection zones, separation distance, installation position and project specification.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section class=\"dc-step\">\r\n      <h3>Read In, Imax and Iimp as different ratings<\/h3>\r\n\r\n      <p>\r\n        <span class=\"dc-metric\">In<\/span> is the nominal discharge current associated with the defined 8\/20 \u03bcs test waveform.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n\r\n      <p>\r\n        <span class=\"dc-metric\">Imax<\/span> is the maximum discharge current under the defined 8\/20 \u03bcs test.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n\r\n      <p>\r\n        <span class=\"dc-metric\">Iimp<\/span> is the impulse discharge current used for Type 1 lightning-current duty with the 10\/350 \u03bcs waveform.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n\r\n      <p>\r\n        These values should not be compared as though they represented the same test condition.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section class=\"dc-step\">\r\n      <h3>Check Up, not only the discharge-current number<\/h3>\r\n\r\n      <p>\r\n        <span class=\"dc-metric\">Up<\/span> is the voltage protection level. It helps indicate the residual voltage presented to the protected side under the defined test condition.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n\r\n      <p>\r\n        Effective protection also depends on installation. Long connecting conductors can add inductive voltage during a fast surge.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section class=\"dc-step\">\r\n      <h3>Match protection modes and pole arrangement<\/h3>\r\n\r\n      <p>\r\n        The SPD configuration must match the electrical topology. Confirm the required paths between DC+, DC\u2212 and PE rather than selecting a device from pole count or physical appearance alone.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section class=\"dc-step\">\r\n      <h3>Check fault-current and backup-protection requirements<\/h3>\r\n\r\n      <p>\r\n        Review the exact manufacturer's instructions for backup fuse or protective-device coordination, prospective fault conditions, conductor sizes and tightening torque.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n\r\n    <section class=\"dc-step\">\r\n      <h3>Verify the exact datasheet and certificate before approval<\/h3>\r\n\r\n      <p>\r\n        A certificate held by one voltage group or model structure does not automatically cover another model. Match the voltage, series, pole structure, standard and certificate reference before tender submission, OEM marking or purchasing approval.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n    <\/section>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"dc-spd-parameters-buyers-need-to-understand\"><\/span>DC SPD Parameters Buyers Need to Understand<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"dc-table-wrap\">\r\n    <table>\r\n      <thead>\r\n        <tr>\r\n          <th>Parameter<\/th>\r\n          <th>Meaning<\/th>\r\n          <th>Selection Question<\/th>\r\n          <th>Common Error<\/th>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n      <\/thead>\r\n\r\n      <tbody>\r\n        <tr>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Parameter\"><strong>Uc \/ Ucpv<\/strong><\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Meaning\">Maximum continuous operating voltage.<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Selection Question\">Can the SPD withstand the maximum voltage continuously present?<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Common Error\">Choosing from nominal system voltage only.<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n\r\n        <tr>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Parameter\"><strong>In<\/strong><\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Meaning\">Nominal discharge current using the defined 8\/20 \u03bcs waveform.<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Selection Question\">What Type 2 nominal discharge performance is specified?<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Common Error\">Calling In the maximum surge current.<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n\r\n        <tr>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Parameter\"><strong>Imax<\/strong><\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Meaning\">Maximum discharge current using the defined 8\/20 \u03bcs waveform.<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Selection Question\">What maximum Type 2 discharge rating is documented?<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Common Error\">Selecting only from the largest kA value.<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n\r\n        <tr>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Parameter\"><strong>Iimp<\/strong><\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Meaning\">Impulse discharge current using the 10\/350 \u03bcs waveform.<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Selection Question\">Does the project require Type 1 lightning-current capability?<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Common Error\">Comparing Iimp directly with Imax.<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n\r\n        <tr>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Parameter\"><strong>Up<\/strong><\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Meaning\">Voltage protection level.<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Selection Question\">Is the protection level coordinated with the protected equipment?<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Common Error\">Ignoring conductor-induced voltage.<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n\r\n        <tr>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Parameter\"><strong>Protection mode<\/strong><\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Meaning\">Electrical paths across which protection is provided.<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Selection Question\">Does the SPD match DC+, DC\u2212 and PE topology?<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Common Error\">Selecting from pole count alone.<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n\r\n        <tr>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Parameter\"><strong>Backup protection<\/strong><\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Meaning\">Required coordination with fuse or protective device.<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Selection Question\">What does the exact product instruction specify?<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Common Error\">Using another model's fuse value.<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n\r\n        <tr>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Parameter\"><strong>Certificate scope<\/strong><\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Meaning\">Models and ratings actually covered by the document.<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Selection Question\">Is the ordered model covered by the submitted certificate?<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Common Error\">Using one certificate for an entire product family.<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n      <\/tbody>\r\n    <\/table>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"600v-vs-1000v-vs-1500v-dc-spd\"><\/span>600V vs 1000V vs 1500V DC SPD<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n  <p>\r\n    LEEYEE currently organizes photovoltaic DC SPD certification and technical-document groups around <strong>600V, 1000V and 1500V DC<\/strong>. These should be treated as separate voltage and document scopes. Final selection depends on the actual PV design and exact model.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"dc-grid-3\">\r\n    <div class=\"dc-app\">\r\n      <h3>600V DC SPD<\/h3>\r\n      <p>\r\n        For applicable lower-voltage photovoltaic circuits where the calculated maximum voltage is compatible with the selected Ucpv.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/shop\/600v-dc-surge-protective-device\/\">\r\n        View 600V DC SPD options \u2192\r\n      <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"dc-app\">\r\n      <h3>1000V DC SPD<\/h3>\r\n      <p>\r\n        A common PV voltage group for rooftop, commercial and combiner-box applications. Check string Voc, Ucpv and protection class.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/technical-downloads\/\">\r\n        View 1000V technical documents \u2192\r\n      <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"dc-app\">\r\n      <h3>1500V DC SPD<\/h3>\r\n      <p>\r\n        Used in suitable high-voltage PV architectures. Lightning exposure, protection class and certificate scope remain important.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/shop\/1500v-dc-surge-protective-device\/\">\r\n        View 1500V DC SPD options \u2192\r\n      <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"verified-leeyee-pv-dc-spd-evidence\"><\/span>Verified LEEYEE PV DC SPD Evidence<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n  <p>\r\n    Technical claims should be traceable to an exact model and document. LEEYEE separates PV DC SPD certificate coverage by voltage group and model rather than presenting one generic certificate for every product.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <section class=\"dc-proof\">\r\n    <div class=\"dc-proof-heading\">\r\n      Certificate and Model Scope\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <p class=\"dc-proof-intro\">\r\n      The information below reflects the current LEEYEE certificate-scope records. Before formal filing, verify the latest certificate copy and exact model coverage.\r\n    <\/p>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"dc-proof-grid\">\r\n      <div class=\"dc-proof-card\">\r\n        <span class=\"dc-voltage\">600V DC<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"dc-status\">T\u00dcV + CE documented<\/span>\r\n\r\n        <ul>\r\n          <li><strong>Scope:<\/strong> PV DC SPD<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Models:<\/strong> LY1-C40PV\/2S, LY1-C40PV\/2<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Standard:<\/strong> IEC 61643-31:2018<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>In:<\/strong> 20kA<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Imax:<\/strong> 40kA<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Iimp:<\/strong> 6.25kA<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Up:<\/strong> 2.2kV<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>T\u00dcV:<\/strong> R 50539472 0001<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>CE:<\/strong> AN 50539473 0001<\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"dc-proof-card\">\r\n        <span class=\"dc-voltage\">1000V DC<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"dc-status\">T\u00dcV + CE + CB documented<\/span>\r\n\r\n        <ul>\r\n          <li><strong>Scope:<\/strong> PV DC SPD<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Series:<\/strong> LY1-C40PV<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Standard:<\/strong> IEC 61643-31:2018<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>In:<\/strong> 20kA<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Imax:<\/strong> 40kA<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Iimp:<\/strong> 6.25kA<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Up:<\/strong> 3.6kV<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>T\u00dcV:<\/strong> R 50532288 0001<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>CB:<\/strong> HU-003767<\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"dc-proof-card\">\r\n        <span class=\"dc-voltage\">1500V DC<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"dc-status\">T\u00dcV + CE documented<\/span>\r\n\r\n        <ul>\r\n          <li><strong>Scope:<\/strong> PV DC SPD<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Models:<\/strong> LY1-C40PV\/3S, LY1-C40PV\/3<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Standard:<\/strong> IEC 61643-31:2018<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>In:<\/strong> 20kA<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Imax:<\/strong> 40kA<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Iimp:<\/strong> 6.25kA<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>Up:<\/strong> 5.6kV<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>T\u00dcV:<\/strong> R 50539515 0001<\/li>\r\n          <li><strong>CE:<\/strong> AN 50539518 0001<\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"dc-actions\">\r\n      <a class=\"dc-btn dc-btn-outline\"\r\n         href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/patents-certificates\/\">\r\n        Verify Certificate Scope\r\n      <\/a>\r\n\r\n      <a class=\"dc-btn dc-btn-outline\"\r\n         href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/technical-downloads\/\">\r\n        Open Datasheets &amp; Manuals\r\n      <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/section>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"dc-proof-note\">\r\n    <strong>Why this matters for project buyers<\/strong>\r\n    A PV SPD certificate should not automatically be applied to another voltage group or pole configuration. For tenders, regulated-market approval or OEM documentation, confirm the exact model covered by the latest document.\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"technical-documents-available-before-model-approval\"><\/span>Technical Documents Available Before Model Approval<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n  <p>\r\n    LEEYEE's technical-download center provides model-level information for selected 600V, 1000V and 1500V PV DC SPDs so engineers can verify the product before ordering.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"dc-doc-grid\">\r\n    <div class=\"dc-doc\">\r\n      <b>Complete Datasheets<\/b>\r\n      <span>Electrical ratings, product data and model information.<\/span>\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/technical-downloads\/\">Open datasheets \u2192<\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"dc-doc\">\r\n      <b>Connection Diagrams<\/b>\r\n      <span>Wiring information for technical and panel-layout review.<\/span>\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/technical-downloads\/\">Check wiring documents \u2192<\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"dc-doc\">\r\n      <b>Dimension Drawings<\/b>\r\n      <span>Useful for DIN-rail, combiner-box and replacement planning.<\/span>\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/technical-downloads\/\">Review dimensions \u2192<\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"dc-doc\">\r\n      <b>User Manual<\/b>\r\n      <span>Installation, operation and maintenance reference.<\/span>\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/technical-downloads\/\">Open user manual \u2192<\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"dc-doc\">\r\n      <b>Certificate Scope<\/b>\r\n      <span>Model and voltage-specific certificate references.<\/span>\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/patents-certificates\/\">Review certificate scope \u2192<\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"dc-doc\">\r\n      <b>Product Label Reference<\/b>\r\n      <span>Model marking, ratings, wiring symbols and certification marks.<\/span>\r\n      <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/technical-downloads\/\">View label references \u2192<\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"where-is-a-dc-spd-installed-in-a-solar-pv-system\"><\/span>Where Is a DC SPD Installed in a Solar PV System?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n  <p>\r\n    Typical PV protection positions include the array or combiner-box side and the inverter DC input. Larger installations may require coordinated SPDs at more than one position depending on cable routing, lightning protection zones and the overall protection concept.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <figure class=\"dc-visual dc-desktop-diagram\">\r\n    <svg viewBox=\"0 0 1050 365\"\r\n         role=\"img\"\r\n         aria-label=\"Typical DC SPD installation positions in a photovoltaic system\">\r\n\r\n      <defs>\r\n        <marker id=\"dc-arrow-desktop-2\"\r\n                markerWidth=\"10\"\r\n                markerHeight=\"10\"\r\n                refX=\"8\"\r\n                refY=\"3\"\r\n                orient=\"auto\">\r\n          <path d=\"M0,0 L0,6 L9,3 z\" fill=\"#263b4d\"><\/path>\r\n        <\/marker>\r\n      <\/defs>\r\n\r\n      <rect x=\"28\" y=\"125\" width=\"155\" height=\"100\" rx=\"10\" fill=\"#f5f8fa\" stroke=\"#8095a5\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n      <text x=\"105\" y=\"160\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"20\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#263b4d\">PV Array<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"105\" y=\"190\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#627380\">DC source<\/text>\r\n\r\n      <line x1=\"183\" y1=\"175\" x2=\"292\" y2=\"175\" stroke=\"#263b4d\" stroke-width=\"4\" marker-end=\"url(#dc-arrow-desktop-2)\"\/>\r\n\r\n      <rect x=\"302\" y=\"102\" width=\"180\" height=\"145\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#eef6fc\" stroke=\"#004898\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/>\r\n      <text x=\"392\" y=\"140\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"20\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#004898\">DC SPD<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"392\" y=\"173\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#536877\">Combiner box<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"392\" y=\"195\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#536877\">or array side<\/text>\r\n\r\n      <line x1=\"392\" y1=\"247\" x2=\"392\" y2=\"302\" stroke=\"#17734d\" stroke-width=\"4\"\/>\r\n      <line x1=\"358\" y1=\"302\" x2=\"426\" y2=\"302\" stroke=\"#17734d\" stroke-width=\"4\"\/>\r\n      <line x1=\"369\" y1=\"315\" x2=\"415\" y2=\"315\" stroke=\"#17734d\" stroke-width=\"4\"\/>\r\n      <line x1=\"381\" y1=\"328\" x2=\"403\" y2=\"328\" stroke=\"#17734d\" stroke-width=\"4\"\/>\r\n\r\n      <line x1=\"482\" y1=\"175\" x2=\"585\" y2=\"175\" stroke=\"#263b4d\" stroke-width=\"4\" marker-end=\"url(#dc-arrow-desktop-2)\"\/>\r\n\r\n      <rect x=\"595\" y=\"102\" width=\"180\" height=\"145\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#eef6fc\" stroke=\"#004898\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/>\r\n      <text x=\"685\" y=\"140\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"20\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#004898\">DC SPD<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"685\" y=\"173\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#536877\">Near inverter<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"685\" y=\"195\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#536877\">when required<\/text>\r\n\r\n      <line x1=\"685\" y1=\"247\" x2=\"685\" y2=\"302\" stroke=\"#17734d\" stroke-width=\"4\"\/>\r\n      <line x1=\"651\" y1=\"302\" x2=\"719\" y2=\"302\" stroke=\"#17734d\" stroke-width=\"4\"\/>\r\n      <line x1=\"662\" y1=\"315\" x2=\"708\" y2=\"315\" stroke=\"#17734d\" stroke-width=\"4\"\/>\r\n      <line x1=\"674\" y1=\"328\" x2=\"696\" y2=\"328\" stroke=\"#17734d\" stroke-width=\"4\"\/>\r\n\r\n      <line x1=\"775\" y1=\"175\" x2=\"855\" y2=\"175\" stroke=\"#263b4d\" stroke-width=\"4\" marker-end=\"url(#dc-arrow-desktop-2)\"\/>\r\n\r\n      <rect x=\"865\" y=\"125\" width=\"155\" height=\"100\" rx=\"10\" fill=\"#f5f8fa\" stroke=\"#8095a5\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n      <text x=\"942\" y=\"160\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"20\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#263b4d\">Inverter<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"942\" y=\"190\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#627380\">DC input<\/text>\r\n    <\/svg>\r\n\r\n    <figcaption>\r\n      Simplified PV architecture. Final SPD positions depend on the project design, cable lengths, LPZ arrangement and lightning protection requirements.\r\n    <\/figcaption>\r\n  <\/figure>\r\n\r\n  <figure class=\"dc-visual dc-mobile-diagram\">\r\n    <svg viewBox=\"0 0 390 700\"\r\n         role=\"img\"\r\n         aria-label=\"Mobile photovoltaic DC surge protection architecture\">\r\n\r\n      <defs>\r\n        <marker id=\"dc-arrow-mobile-2\"\r\n                markerWidth=\"10\"\r\n                markerHeight=\"10\"\r\n                refX=\"8\"\r\n                refY=\"3\"\r\n                orient=\"auto\">\r\n          <path d=\"M0,0 L0,6 L9,3 z\" fill=\"#263b4d\"><\/path>\r\n        <\/marker>\r\n      <\/defs>\r\n\r\n      <rect x=\"65\" y=\"25\" width=\"260\" height=\"88\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#f5f8fa\" stroke=\"#8095a5\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n      <text x=\"195\" y=\"59\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"21\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#263b4d\">PV Array<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"195\" y=\"87\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"15\" fill=\"#627380\">DC source<\/text>\r\n\r\n      <line x1=\"195\" y1=\"114\" x2=\"195\" y2=\"154\" stroke=\"#263b4d\" stroke-width=\"4\" marker-end=\"url(#dc-arrow-mobile-2)\"\/>\r\n\r\n      <rect x=\"65\" y=\"164\" width=\"260\" height=\"112\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#eef6fc\" stroke=\"#004898\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/>\r\n      <text x=\"195\" y=\"200\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"21\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#004898\">DC SPD Position 1<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"195\" y=\"230\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"15\" fill=\"#536877\">Array \/ Combiner Box<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"195\" y=\"253\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#536877\">when required by design<\/text>\r\n\r\n      <line x1=\"195\" y1=\"277\" x2=\"195\" y2=\"317\" stroke=\"#263b4d\" stroke-width=\"4\" marker-end=\"url(#dc-arrow-mobile-2)\"\/>\r\n\r\n      <rect x=\"65\" y=\"327\" width=\"260\" height=\"112\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#eef6fc\" stroke=\"#004898\" stroke-width=\"3\"\/>\r\n      <text x=\"195\" y=\"363\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"21\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#004898\">DC SPD Position 2<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"195\" y=\"393\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"15\" fill=\"#536877\">Near inverter DC input<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"195\" y=\"416\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"14\" fill=\"#536877\">when coordination requires it<\/text>\r\n\r\n      <line x1=\"195\" y1=\"440\" x2=\"195\" y2=\"480\" stroke=\"#263b4d\" stroke-width=\"4\" marker-end=\"url(#dc-arrow-mobile-2)\"\/>\r\n\r\n      <rect x=\"65\" y=\"490\" width=\"260\" height=\"88\" rx=\"12\" fill=\"#f5f8fa\" stroke=\"#8095a5\" stroke-width=\"2\"\/>\r\n      <text x=\"195\" y=\"524\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"21\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#263b4d\">PV Inverter<\/text>\r\n      <text x=\"195\" y=\"552\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"15\" fill=\"#627380\">Protected DC input<\/text>\r\n\r\n      <line x1=\"195\" y1=\"579\" x2=\"195\" y2=\"613\" stroke=\"#17734d\" stroke-width=\"4\"\/>\r\n      <line x1=\"155\" y1=\"613\" x2=\"235\" y2=\"613\" stroke=\"#17734d\" stroke-width=\"4\"\/>\r\n      <line x1=\"168\" y1=\"630\" x2=\"222\" y2=\"630\" stroke=\"#17734d\" stroke-width=\"4\"\/>\r\n      <line x1=\"181\" y1=\"647\" x2=\"209\" y2=\"647\" stroke=\"#17734d\" stroke-width=\"4\"\/>\r\n      <text x=\"195\" y=\"680\" text-anchor=\"middle\" font-size=\"15\" font-weight=\"700\" fill=\"#17734d\">Equipotential Bonding \/ PE<\/text>\r\n    <\/svg>\r\n\r\n    <figcaption>\r\n      Mobile PV protection architecture with readable installation positions.\r\n    <\/figcaption>\r\n  <\/figure>\r\n\r\n  <p>\r\n    Keep SPD connection conductors as short and direct as practical. A technically correct SPD can provide poorer effective protection if unnecessary conductor length or loops add inductive voltage during a fast transient.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"type-2-dc-spd-vs-type-12-dc-spd\"><\/span>Type 2 DC SPD vs Type 1+2 DC SPD<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"dc-table-wrap\">\r\n    <table>\r\n      <thead>\r\n        <tr>\r\n          <th>Decision<\/th>\r\n          <th>Type 2 DC SPD<\/th>\r\n          <th>Type 1+2 DC SPD<\/th>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n      <\/thead>\r\n\r\n      <tbody>\r\n        <tr>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Decision\"><strong>Main duty<\/strong><\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Type 2\">Induced surge and switching-transient protection.<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Type 1+2\">Lightning-current duty plus Type 2 surge protection.<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n\r\n        <tr>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Decision\"><strong>Test current<\/strong><\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Type 2\">In \/ Imax based on the 8\/20 \u03bcs waveform.<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Type 1+2\">Includes Iimp based on the 10\/350 \u03bcs waveform.<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n\r\n        <tr>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Decision\"><strong>Typical decision factor<\/strong><\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Type 2\">Locations where lightning-current duty is not specified.<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Type 1+2\">Locations where the protection concept requires lightning-current capability.<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n\r\n        <tr>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Decision\"><strong>Do not choose from<\/strong><\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Type 2\">System voltage alone.<\/td>\r\n          <td data-label=\"Type 1+2\">The assumption that every main panel requires Type 1.<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n      <\/tbody>\r\n    <\/table>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <p>\r\n    Browse\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/shop\/type-2-dc-surge-protective-device\/\">\r\n      Type 2 DC surge protective devices\r\n    <\/a>\r\n    or the complete\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/shop\/dc-surge-protective-device\/\">\r\n      DC SPD product collection\r\n    <\/a>.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"which-iec-standard-applies-to-a-dc-spd\"><\/span>Which IEC Standard Applies to a DC SPD?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"dc-grid-3\">\r\n    <div class=\"dc-card\">\r\n      <h3>IEC 61643-31<\/h3>\r\n      <p>\r\n        Product requirements and test methods for SPDs intended for the DC side of photovoltaic installations up to 1500V DC.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"dc-card\">\r\n      <h3>IEC 61643-32<\/h3>\r\n      <p>\r\n        Selection, installation and coordination principles for SPDs connected to the DC side of photovoltaic installations.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"dc-card\">\r\n      <h3>IEC 61643-41<\/h3>\r\n      <p>\r\n        Requirements and tests for SPDs connected to general DC low-voltage power systems. PV SPDs remain covered separately by IEC 61643-31.\r\n      <\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"dc-note\">\r\n    <strong>PV and general DC power are not the same standard category.<\/strong>\r\n    A PV DC SPD should be checked against the PV-specific requirements rather than being treated as a generic DC power SPD.\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"dc-spd-installation-checks-that-affect-real-protection\"><\/span>DC SPD Installation Checks That Affect Real Protection<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"dc-checks\">\r\n    <div class=\"dc-check\">Install at the protection position specified by the system design.<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"dc-check\">Keep connecting conductors short and direct.<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"dc-check\">Match DC+, DC\u2212 and PE to the manufacturer's connection diagram.<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"dc-check\">Use the specified conductor cross-section.<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"dc-check\">Observe terminal tightening torque.<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"dc-check\">Use the specified backup protective device where required.<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"dc-check\">Coordinate upstream and downstream SPDs where multiple devices are used.<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"dc-check\">Confirm status indication and remote-contact logic before panel wiring.<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"dc-check\">Check the replacement-module code for pluggable SPDs.<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"dc-check\">Verify grounding and equipotential bonding.<\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"common-dc-surge-protector-selection-mistakes\"><\/span>Common DC Surge Protector Selection Mistakes<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"dc-grid-3\">\r\n    <div class=\"dc-card\">\r\n      <h3>Choosing only by kA<\/h3>\r\n      <p>Imax alone cannot confirm voltage, Up, SPD type or topology.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"dc-card\">\r\n      <h3>Choosing from nominal voltage<\/h3>\r\n      <p>The maximum voltage at the SPD terminals is the more important design value.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"dc-card\">\r\n      <h3>Using an AC SPD on DC<\/h3>\r\n      <p>A similar printed voltage does not make AC and DC SPDs interchangeable.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"dc-card\">\r\n      <h3>Ignoring Up<\/h3>\r\n      <p>High discharge capability does not automatically mean low residual voltage.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"dc-card\">\r\n      <h3>Using the wrong certificate<\/h3>\r\n      <p>Certificate scope must match the exact voltage group and model.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"dc-card\">\r\n      <h3>Long SPD conductors<\/h3>\r\n      <p>Excess conductor length can increase the voltage seen by protected equipment.<\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"what-should-a-buyer-send-before-ordering-a-dc-spd\"><\/span>What Should a Buyer Send Before Ordering a DC SPD?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n  <p>\r\n    Providing the system information first reduces the risk of model mismatch and speeds up technical confirmation.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"dc-checks\">\r\n    <div class=\"dc-check\">DC application: PV or another DC power system<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"dc-check\">Nominal system voltage<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"dc-check\">Maximum possible DC voltage<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"dc-check\">PV module Voc where applicable<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"dc-check\">Number of PV modules per string<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"dc-check\">Lowest design temperature<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"dc-check\">Type 2 or Type 1+2 requirement<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"dc-check\">Required In \/ Imax \/ Iimp<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"dc-check\">Required Up<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"dc-check\">DC+, DC\u2212 and PE topology<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"dc-check\">Installation position<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"dc-check\">Remote signalling requirement<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"dc-check\">Required certificate or destination market<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"dc-check\">Quantity and OEM \/ panel-integration requirement<\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"dc-note\">\r\n    <strong>Need supplier, OEM or bulk-order information?<\/strong>\r\n    Manufacturing, private label, wholesale and commercial sourcing information is kept on the dedicated\r\n    <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/dc-spd-supplier\/\">\r\n      DC SPD supplier and OEM page\r\n    <\/a>.\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"dc-surge-protector-faq\"><\/span>DC Surge Protector FAQ<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"dc-faq\">\r\n    <details>\r\n      <summary>What is a DC surge protector?<\/summary>\r\n      <div class=\"dc-faq-body\">\r\n        <p>\r\n          A DC surge protector is a surge protective device designed to limit transient overvoltage on a direct-current power circuit and divert surge current away from protected equipment.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/details>\r\n\r\n    <details>\r\n      <summary>Is a DC SPD the same as a DC surge protection device?<\/summary>\r\n      <div class=\"dc-faq-body\">\r\n        <p>\r\n          Yes. DC SPD is the common abbreviation for DC surge protective device. DC surge protector and DC surge protection device are widely used terms for the same general product category.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/details>\r\n\r\n    <details>\r\n      <summary>Can an AC surge protector be used on DC?<\/summary>\r\n      <div class=\"dc-faq-body\">\r\n        <p>\r\n          Do not use an ordinary AC SPD on a DC circuit unless the exact product is explicitly rated and approved for that DC application. PV circuits should use SPDs designed for photovoltaic DC service.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/details>\r\n\r\n    <details>\r\n      <summary>How do I choose the correct DC SPD voltage?<\/summary>\r\n      <div class=\"dc-faq-body\">\r\n        <p>\r\n          Determine the maximum voltage that can occur continuously at the SPD terminals and select a suitable Uc or Ucpv according to the product datasheet. For PV strings, account for increased open-circuit voltage at low temperature.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/details>\r\n\r\n    <details>\r\n      <summary>Is a higher Imax always better?<\/summary>\r\n      <div class=\"dc-faq-body\">\r\n        <p>\r\n          No. Imax is only one rating. Correct selection also requires suitable Uc or Ucpv, SPD type, Up, In, Iimp when applicable, wiring configuration, fault conditions and certificate scope.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/details>\r\n\r\n    <details>\r\n      <summary>Should a PV system use Type 2 or Type 1+2 DC SPD?<\/summary>\r\n      <div class=\"dc-faq-body\">\r\n        <p>\r\n          Type 2 is generally used where induced and switching surges are the primary concern and lightning-current duty is not required. Type 1+2 is used where the lightning protection concept requires lightning-current capability.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/details>\r\n\r\n    <details>\r\n      <summary>What standard applies to solar PV DC SPDs?<\/summary>\r\n      <div class=\"dc-faq-body\">\r\n        <p>\r\n          IEC 61643-31 specifies requirements and test methods for SPDs used on the DC side of photovoltaic installations, while IEC 61643-32 covers selection and application principles.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/details>\r\n\r\n    <details>\r\n      <summary>Where should a DC SPD be installed in a PV system?<\/summary>\r\n      <div class=\"dc-faq-body\">\r\n        <p>\r\n          Common positions include the PV array or combiner-box side and the inverter DC input. Final positions depend on cable length, lightning protection zones, external lightning protection and system design.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/details>\r\n\r\n    <details>\r\n      <summary>How can I verify a LEEYEE DC SPD before ordering?<\/summary>\r\n      <div class=\"dc-faq-body\">\r\n        <p>\r\n          Check the exact model datasheet, wiring information, dimensions, certificate scope, product label and installation documentation before approving the product.\r\n        <\/p>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n    <\/details>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <section class=\"dc-cta\">\r\n    <h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"need-to-confirm-a-dc-spd-for-your-project\"><\/span>Need to Confirm a DC SPD for Your Project?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\r\n\r\n    <p>\r\n      Send the application, maximum DC voltage, installation position, required SPD type, wiring configuration and certification requirement. For PV strings, also provide module Voc, modules per string and the lowest design temperature.\r\n    <\/p>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"dc-actions\">\r\n      <button type=\"button\" class=\"dc-btn dc-btn-primary leeyee-site-popup-btn\">\r\n        <span>Request DC SPD Selection Support<\/span>\r\n      <\/button>\r\n\r\n      <a class=\"dc-btn dc-btn-outline\"\r\n         href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/technical-downloads\/\">\r\n        Review Technical Documents\r\n      <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/section>\r\n\r\n  <p class=\"dc-small\">\r\n    Technical note: final surge protective device selection and installation should be checked against the exact product documentation, electrical system design, applicable standard and local project requirements.\r\n  <\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/article>\r\n\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\r\n{\r\n  \"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\r\n  \"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\r\n  \"mainEntity\":[\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\":\"Question\",\r\n      \"name\":\"What is a DC surge protector?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\":{\r\n        \"@type\":\"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\":\"A DC surge protector is a surge protective device designed to limit transient overvoltage on a direct-current power circuit and divert surge current away from protected equipment.\"\r\n      }\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\":\"Question\",\r\n      \"name\":\"Can an AC surge protector be used on DC?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\":{\r\n        \"@type\":\"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\":\"An ordinary AC SPD should not be used on a DC circuit unless the exact product is explicitly rated and approved for that DC application. PV circuits should use SPDs designed for photovoltaic DC service.\"\r\n      }\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\":\"Question\",\r\n      \"name\":\"How do I choose the correct DC SPD voltage?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\":{\r\n        \"@type\":\"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\":\"Determine the maximum voltage that can occur continuously at the SPD terminals and select a suitable Uc or Ucpv according to the product datasheet. For PV strings, account for increased open-circuit voltage at low temperature.\"\r\n      }\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\":\"Question\",\r\n      \"name\":\"Should a PV system use Type 2 or Type 1+2 DC SPD?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\":{\r\n        \"@type\":\"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\":\"Type 2 is generally used where induced and switching surges are the primary concern and lightning-current duty is not required. Type 1+2 is used where the lightning protection concept requires lightning-current capability.\"\r\n      }\r\n    },\r\n    {\r\n      \"@type\":\"Question\",\r\n      \"name\":\"What standard applies to solar PV DC SPDs?\",\r\n      \"acceptedAnswer\":{\r\n        \"@type\":\"Answer\",\r\n        \"text\":\"IEC 61643-31 specifies requirements and test methods for SPDs used on the DC side of photovoltaic installations, while IEC 61643-32 covers selection and application principles.\"\r\n      }\r\n    }\r\n  ]\r\n}\r\n<\/script>\r\n\r\n<script>\r\n(function () {\r\n  document.addEventListener('click', function (event) {\r\n    var button = event.target.closest('.leeyee-site-popup-btn');\r\n    if (!button) return;\r\n\r\n    event.preventDefault();\r\n\r\n    var trigger = button.ownerDocument.querySelector('.w-popup.ush_popup_1 .w-popup-trigger');\r\n\r\n    if (trigger) {\r\n      trigger.click();\r\n    }\r\n  });\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A DC surge protector, also called a DC SPD or DC surge protection device, limits transient overvoltage on direct-current power circuits. Correct selection depends on the DC source, maximum continuous voltage, SPD type, discharge ratings, protection level, wiring and certificate scope\u2014not one kA number alone. Quick Answer For solar PV, first confirm the maximum DC&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":26086,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,488,422],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25840","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-surge-protection","category-industry-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>DC Surge Protector &amp; DC SPD Selection Guide | LEEYEE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Choose the correct DC surge protector by Ucpv, Type 2 or Type 1+2, In, Imax, Iimp, Up, wiring and IEC standards. Includes verified 600V, 1000V and 1500V PV SPD evidence.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e1f\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"th_TH\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"DC Surge Protector &amp; DC SPD Selection Guide | LEEYEE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Choose the correct DC surge protector by Ucpv, Type 2 or Type 1+2, In, Imax, Iimp, Up, wiring and IEC standards. Includes verified 600V, 1000V and 1500V PV SPD evidence.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e1f\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Surge Protector, Surge Arrestor, Isolating Switch - LEEYEE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-08-30T07:50:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-26T06:14:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/0.1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"530\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Devin Ling\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Devin Ling\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"13 \u0e19\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/dc-surge-protector\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/dc-surge-protector\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Devin Ling\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f49dbafe62c5b47100ad2d9f88af92d3\"},\"headline\":\"dc surge protector\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-08-30T07:50:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-26T06:14:07+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/dc-surge-protector\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2761,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/dc-surge-protector\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/0.1.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"News\",\"Surge Protection\",\"Technical Guides\"],\"inLanguage\":\"th\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/dc-surge-protector\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/dc-surge-protector\\\/\",\"name\":\"DC Surge Protector & DC SPD Selection Guide | LEEYEE\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/dc-surge-protector\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/dc-surge-protector\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/0.1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-08-30T07:50:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-26T06:14:07+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f49dbafe62c5b47100ad2d9f88af92d3\"},\"description\":\"Choose the correct DC surge protector by Ucpv, Type 2 or Type 1+2, In, Imax, Iimp, Up, wiring and IEC standards. Includes verified 600V, 1000V and 1500V PV SPD evidence.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/dc-surge-protector\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"th\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/dc-surge-protector\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"th\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/dc-surge-protector\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/0.1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/0.1.jpg\",\"width\":800,\"height\":530,\"caption\":\"dc surge protector\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/dc-surge-protector\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"dc surge protector\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"Surge Protector, Surge Arrestor, Isolating Switch - LEEYEE\",\"description\":\"Surge Protector, Surge Arrestor, Isolating Switch - LEEYEE\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"th\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/f49dbafe62c5b47100ad2d9f88af92d3\",\"name\":\"Devin Ling\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/cnspd.com\\\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.cnspd.com\\\/th\\\/author\\\/devin\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e25\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e01 DC \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 DC SPD | LEEYEE","description":"\u0e40\u0e25\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e01 DC \u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32 Ucpv, \u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e20\u0e17 2 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d 1+2, In, Imax, Iimp, Up, \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22\u0e44\u0e1f \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19 IEC \u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e22\u0e37\u0e19\u0e22\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a PV SPD \u0e02\u0e19\u0e32\u0e14 600V, 1000V \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 1500V","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e1f\/","og_locale":"th_TH","og_type":"article","og_title":"DC Surge Protector & DC SPD Selection Guide | LEEYEE","og_description":"Choose the correct DC surge protector by Ucpv, Type 2 or Type 1+2, In, Imax, Iimp, Up, wiring and IEC standards. Includes verified 600V, 1000V and 1500V PV SPD evidence.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e1f\/","og_site_name":"Surge Protector, Surge Arrestor, Isolating Switch - LEEYEE","article_published_time":"2024-08-30T07:50:14+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-08-26T06:14:07+00:00","og_image":[{"width":800,"height":530,"url":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/0.1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Devin Ling","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Devin Ling","Est. reading time":"13 \u0e19\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/dc-surge-protector\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/dc-surge-protector\/"},"author":{"name":"Devin Ling","@id":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/#\/schema\/person\/f49dbafe62c5b47100ad2d9f88af92d3"},"headline":"dc surge protector","datePublished":"2024-08-30T07:50:14+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-26T06:14:07+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/dc-surge-protector\/"},"wordCount":2761,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/dc-surge-protector\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/0.1.jpg","articleSection":["News","Surge Protection","Technical Guides"],"inLanguage":"th"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/dc-surge-protector\/","url":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/dc-surge-protector\/","name":"\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e25\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e01 DC \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 DC SPD | LEEYEE","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/dc-surge-protector\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/dc-surge-protector\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/0.1.jpg","datePublished":"2024-08-30T07:50:14+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-26T06:14:07+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/#\/schema\/person\/f49dbafe62c5b47100ad2d9f88af92d3"},"description":"\u0e40\u0e25\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e01 DC \u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32 Ucpv, \u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e20\u0e17 2 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d 1+2, In, Imax, Iimp, Up, \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e22\u0e44\u0e1f \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19 IEC \u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e22\u0e37\u0e19\u0e22\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a PV SPD \u0e02\u0e19\u0e32\u0e14 600V, 1000V \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 1500V","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/dc-surge-protector\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"th","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/dc-surge-protector\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"th","@id":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/dc-surge-protector\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/0.1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/0.1.jpg","width":800,"height":530,"caption":"dc surge protector"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/dc-surge-protector\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"dc surge protector"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/","name":"\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e14\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19, \u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e2b\u0e22\u0e38\u0e14\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e14\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19, \u0e2a\u0e27\u0e34\u0e15\u0e0a\u0e4c\u0e41\u0e22\u0e01 - LEEYEE","description":"\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e14\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19, \u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e2b\u0e22\u0e38\u0e14\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e14\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1f\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19, \u0e2a\u0e27\u0e34\u0e15\u0e0a\u0e4c\u0e41\u0e22\u0e01 - LEEYEE","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"th"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/#\/schema\/person\/f49dbafe62c5b47100ad2d9f88af92d3","name":"\u0e40\u0e14\u0e27\u0e34\u0e19 \u0e25\u0e34\u0e07","sameAs":["https:\/\/cnspd.com\/"],"url":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/author\/devin\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25840","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25840"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25840\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30924,"href":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25840\/revisions\/30924"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26086"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25840"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25840"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cnspd.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25840"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}