Technical Guides

Modern elevator systems rely on electronic control panels, variable frequency drives (VFDs), communication interfaces and long cable routes between machine rooms, shafts and field devices. These components can be sensitive…

Industrial standby generators and diesel generator systems require a coordinated surge protection strategy. The protection design should consider the complete backup power path, including utility supply, automatic transfer switch (ATS),…

Selecting an AC surge protective device for a main distribution board is not simply a matter of choosing the largest kA value. The correct MDB surge protection solution depends on…

A PV inverter RS485 communication cable may connect an outdoor inverter to a data logger, monitoring cabinet or control room. When that cable is exposed to surge risk, the main…

This guide answers one specific engineering question: how should a DC surge protective device be connected inside a solar combiner box? It focuses on the SPD branch position, DC+ and…

Railway signalling systems connect interlocking rooms, relay rooms, lineside cabinets and exposed trackside equipment through long power, control and communication cables. These conductive routes can carry lightning-induced surges, switching transients…

Solar monitoring surge protection must cover more than the PV AC and DC power circuits. A surge can also enter through an inverter communication port, an RS485 bus, an outdoor…

An access control system can contain AC power, low-voltage DC power, Wiegand reader wiring, OSDP or RS-485 communication, monitored inputs, electric-lock outputs, Ethernet and PoE. These circuits do not share…

Fire alarm systems combine an AC power supply, low-voltage power circuits, supervised alarm loops, communication interfaces and remote field devices. A surge can reach the control equipment through any exposed…